Shear Bond Strength of Different Adhesive Systems in Amalgam Repair
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SHEAR BOND STRENGTH OF DIFFERENT ADHESIVE SYSTEMS IN AMALGAM REPAIR Ö. Erçin,1 F. Alkan, and N. Arhun
UDC 539.4
The purpose was to evaluate the effect of different adhesive systems on shear-bond-strength between amalgam and resin composite. 48 amalgam specimens were condensed into plastic tubes (4 mm diameter ´ 5 mm height). The specimens were kept in incubator for 24 h at 37°C, aged by thermal cycling 1000 times between 5–55°C. The specimens’ surfaces were finished with coarse diamond burs and randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 12) with respect to different surface conditioning methods: etchant+universal adhesive (All-Bond Universal, Bisco), universal adhesive, alloy primer (Z-Prime, Bisco)+universal adhesive, self-adhesive resin cement (BisCem, Bisco). The old amalgam specimens were placed into plastic tubes (4 mm diameter ´ 8 mm height) and all adhesive systems were used according to manufacturer’s instructions. Resin composite (Charisma Classic, Haraeus Kulzer) was placed and polymerized 20 s. The samples were incubated in distilled water at 37°C for 24 h prior to the shear-bond-strength test. The shear-bond-strength test was accomplished using a universal testing device. Statistical analyzes were made with One-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests. There was no significant difference between self-adhesive resin cement and alloy primer applied groups but showed better bond strength values than self-etch and etch&rinse adhesive applied groups. The application of self-adhesive resin cement and alloy primer+universal adhesive in amalgam repair exhibited successful outcomes. Keywords: amalgam repair, adhesion, adhesive systems, shear bond strength. Introduction. Dental amalgam is a restorative material that has been used for 150 years. Its ease of manipulation and placement, low cost and technique sensitivity, good wear resistance, and clinical longevity are the main reasons for its ongoing use. It contains mercury, copper, silver, tin, and zinc [1]. One of the main issues of amalgam restorations is the cusp and/or complete fracture of amalgam restoration in the posterior region [2]. As a result of secondary caries, marginal defect, cusp fracture, and insufficient marginal adaptation, defective restorations must sometimes be replaced [3, 4]. Repairing the defective areas instead of replacing the restoration protects both tooth tissues and the restorative material [2]. Repairing causes less destruction than complete replacement of the restoration, and decreases the risk of tooth fracture and pulpal damage [5]. Especially in the last years, repair ranks first among the minimally invasive treatment methods. Previous studies have shown that when alternative therapies (such as refurbishment, polishing, and repair) are possible, instead of replacement, they improve the quality of restorations and increase the longevity of defective restorations with minimal interventions [6, 7]. Minimally invasive treatment strategies advocate repair of amalgam restorations with resin-based materials. The achievement of an amalgam repair depe
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