Shuangxia decoction alleviates p-chlorophenylalanine induced insomnia through the modification of serotonergic and immun
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Shuangxia decoction alleviates p-chlorophenylalanine induced insomnia through the modification of serotonergic and immune system Yujie Sun 1
&
Na Zhang 1 & Yuxia Qu 1 & Yijia Cao 1 & Jianhao Li 1 & Yuwei Yang 1 & Tiange Yang 1 & Yikun Sun 1
Received: 28 November 2018 / Accepted: 20 September 2019 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2019
Abstract As a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Shuangxia Decoction (SXD) has been used to treat insomnia in oriental countries for more than thousands of years and it presents remarkable clinical effects. However, its active pharmacological fraction and the mechanism of sedative-hypnotic effects have not been explored. In this paper, we investigated active pharmacological fraction and revealed the detailed mechanisms underlying the sedative-hypnotic effects of SXD. It showed that SXD water extract compared to ethanol extract possessed better sedative effects on locomotion activity in normal mice and increased sleep duration in subhypnotic dose of sodium pentobarbital-treated mice. SXD alleviated p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) -induced insomnia by increasing the content of 5-HT in cortex [F (4, 55) = 12.67], decreasing the content of dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE). Furthermore, SXD enhanced the expression of 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors in hypothalamic and reduced serum levels of IL1,TNF-α [F (5, 36) = 15.58]. In conclusion, these results indicated that SXD produced beneficial sedative and hypnotic bioactivities mediated by regulating the serotonergic and immune system. Keywords Shuangxia decoction . PCPA . Insomnia . Sedative-hypnotic effects . Serotonergic system
Introduction SXD is an effective prescription drug used for curing insomnia, which is composed of Pinellia (Thunb.) Breit, its tuber is known as Banxia in Chinese and Prunella vulgaris L. (refer to Xiakucao in Chinese). Pinellia has been used to treat insomnia in combinative forms for about two thousand years, such as Banxia-Shumi Decoction, Banxia-Chenpi Decoction, BanxiaKucao Decoction (Zhang et al. 2016) and so on. P.vulgaris L, belonging to the Labiatae family, is a component of numerous prescriptions of TCM, which possesses multiple biological activities, including anti-oxidative, anti-microbial, anti-viral, cytoprotective (Chen et al. 2016), anti-proliferative, antiinflammatory (Ryu et al. 2000), anti-amnesic effects (Park et al. 2010) and sedative-hypnotic activities (Wu et al. 2011). Studies have shown that different extracts of Pinellia * Yikun Sun [email protected] 1
School of Chinese Material Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, The Yangguang South Street and Baiyang East Road, Fangshan district, Beijing 102488, China
and P.vulgaris L have diverse sedative and hypnotic effects (Wu XY et al. 2011; Wu et al. 2009). But there are no work on the extracts of Pinellia and P.vulgaris L. on the compatibility. Insomnia currently is prevalent phenomenon causing both physical and mental health impairments (Putnins et al. 2012) and bring a significant publi
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