Siderophore production by Bacillus subtilis MF497446 and Pseudomonas koreensis MG209738 and their efficacy in controllin
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Siderophore production by Bacillus subtilis MF497446 and Pseudomonas koreensis MG209738 and their efficacy in controlling Cephalosporium maydis in maize plant Nasr Ghazy1 · Sahar El‑Nahrawy2 Received: 15 July 2020 / Revised: 7 October 2020 / Accepted: 1 November 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Late wilt disease, caused by Cephalosporium maydis in maize plant, is one of the main economical diseases in Egypt. Therefore, to cope with this problem, we investigated the potentiality of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria in controlling this disease. Six strains (Bacillus subtilis, B. circulance, B. coagulanse, B. licheniformis, Pseudomonas fluroscence and P. koreensis) were screened for siderophore production, and using dual plate culture method and greenhouse experiment, antagonistic activity against C. maydis was studied. Using two superior strains, single and dual inoculation treatments in maize were applied in field experiment during the 2018 and 2019 seasons. Results indicated that B. subtilis and P. koreensis strains had shown the most qualitative and quantitative assays for siderophore production and antagonistic activities. In greenhouse, the most effective treatments on the pre- and post-emergence damping off as well as growth promotion of maize were T3 treatment (inoculated with B. subtilis), and T8 treatment (inoculated with P. koreensis). In field experiment, T5 treatment (inoculated with a mixture of B. subtilis and P. koreensis) showed significant increases in catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activities, as well as total chlorophyll and carotenoids than control treatments during the two growing seasons. In the same way, the highest effect in reducing infection and increasing the thickness of the sclerenchymatous sheath layer surrounding the vascular bundles in maize stem was observed and these results were a reflection of the increase in yield and yield parameters. Keywords Late wilt disease · Maize · Siderophore production · PGPR · Antioxidant enzymes · Stem histological differences
Introduction
Communicated by Erko Stackebrandt. Electronic Supplementary Material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-020-02113-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Sahar El‑Nahrawy [email protected] 1
Maize and Sugar Crops Dis. Department, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Soils, Water and Environment Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
2
Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the most important cereal crops for nutrition in the global population and is a source of protein and micronutrients (Nuss and Tanumihardjo, 2010; Zhao et al. 2020). In Egypt, harvested has reached about 935,778 ha for that production quantity 7.3 million tons of grains (FAOSTST 2018). Worldwide, diseases on maize plants lead to detrimental effects on the economy and th
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