Significance of viscous dissipation on the dynamics of ethylene glycol conveying diamond and silica nanoparticles throug
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Significance of viscous dissipation on the dynamics of ethylene glycol conveying diamond and silica nanoparticles through a diverging and converging channel Md. Faisal Md. Basir1 · Fazle Mabood2 · P. V. Satya Narayana3 · B. Venkateswarlu4 · Ahmad Izani Md. Ismail5 Received: 20 April 2020 / Accepted: 3 October 2020 © Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary 2020
Abstract The enhancement of heat transfer in a new kind of hybrid nanofluid is more than that of a single nanoparticle. Also, the thermal conductivity of diamond, silver and gold is more than that of copper, titanium oxide and alumina. Hence, an attempt is made to study the influence of hybrid nanoparticles (diamond and silica) with ethylene glycol as a base fluid in a diverging/converging channel. Using similarity analysis, the governing system of equations is transformed to a set of nonlinear ODEs. The resulting system is evaluated computationally by using the most powerful shooting procedure with the support of MATLAB software. The influence of (diamond and silica-ethylene glycol) hybrid nanomaterial on various thermofluidic parameters in a Jeffery–Hamel channel is investigated. The outcomes of this work conclude that (1) the fluid flow velocity decreases in divergent channels with increasing Reynolds number and nanoparticle volume fraction. (2) The skin friction coefficient is found to be a rising function of diamond nanoparticles in the presence of the ethylene glycol-based fluid for divergent channel. Keywords Hybrid nanofluids · Jeffery–Hamel flow · ODE solver · Boundary value problem
* P. V. Satya Narayana [email protected] Md. Faisal Md. Basir [email protected] Fazle Mabood [email protected] B. Venkateswarlu [email protected] Ahmad Izani Md. Ismail [email protected] 1
Department of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
2
Department of Information Technology, Fanshawe College, London, ON, Canada
3
Department of Mathematics, SAS, VIT, Vellore, TN 632 014, India
4
Department of Mathematics, Walchand Institute of Technology, Solapur, MH 413006, India
5
School of Mathematical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), 11800 George Town, Penang, Malaysia
List of symbols Cp Specific heat at constant pressure (J Kg−1 K−1) Cfr Skin friction coefficient Ec Eckert number kbf Thermal conductivity of fluid (W m−1 K−1) khnf Thermal conductivity of hybrid nanofluid ks1 Thermal conductivity of diamond ks2 Thermal conductivity of silica Nur Nusselt number p Pressure (Pa) Pr Prandtl number Rer Reynolds number t Time (s) T Temperature of the fluid (K) Tw Temperature of the surface U Ambient velocity Umax Velocity at centre line of channel ur Velocity component in radial direction (m s−1) (r, θ) Polar coordinates Greek symbols μbf Viscosity of fluid (Pa s−1) μhnf Viscosity of hybrid nanofluid α0 Inclination angle αhnf Thermal diffusivity of hybrid nanofluid
13
Vol.:(0123456789)
ρbf Density of fluid (kg m−3) ρhnf Density of
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