Silicon, Clonostachys rosea , and their interaction for gray mold management in cucumber
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Silicon, Clonostachys rosea, and their interaction for gray mold management in cucumber Paula Renata Alves Silva 1 & Leonardo Araujo 2 & Renata Sousa Resende 3 & Luiz Antonio Maffia 1 & Andersom Milech Einhardt 1 & Helton Resende Oliveira 1 & Yuri Hilton Alves 1 & Lucas Fagundes Silva 1 & Fabrício Ávila Rodrigues 1 Received: 6 March 2019 / Accepted: 26 August 2020 # Società Italiana di Patologia Vegetale (S.I.Pa.V.) 2020
Abstract Cucumber is one of the most profitable crops cultivated worldwide and the occurrence of gray mold, caused by Botrytis cinerea, can dramatically decrease yield and fruit quality. This study investigated the potential of using silicon (Si), Clonostachys rosea, and their interaction, to control gray mold and on the potentiation of biochemical mechanisms of host defense. The treatments used in this study were: plants not-supplied with Si and not-receiving C. rosea (Cr) in the substrate before sowing (-Si -Cr plants), plants not-supplied with Si and receiving C. rosea (-Si +Cr plants), plants supplied with Si and not-receiving C. rosea (Cr) (+SiCr plants), and plants supplied with Si and receiving C. rosea (+Si+Cr plants). The foliar Si concentration significantly increased by 78% for +Si-Cr plants and by 98% for +Si +Cr plants in comparison to -Si-Cr and -Si+Cr plants, respectively. Significant increases of 70 and 73% for the incubation period of gray mold occurred for -Si+Cr and +Si+Cr plants, respectively, in comparison to -Si-Cr plants. There were significant reductions of 41 and 51%, respectively, for -Si+Cr and +Si+Cr plants in comparison to -Si-Cr plants for area under gray mold progress curve. The -Si+Cr and +Si+Cr plants showed high chitinase activity at 5 and 7 days after inoculation (dai) and at 9 hai for +Si-Cr plants in comparison to -Si-Cr plants. For +Si-Cr plants at 3 and 7 dai and for +Si+Cr plants at 3 and 5 dai, β-1,3-glucanase activity was significantly higher in comparison to -Si-Cr plants. Polyphenoloxidase activity was significantly higher for +Si-Cr plants at 5 dai and for -Si+Cr plants at 7, 8, and 10 dai in comparison to -Si-Cr plants. For -Si+Cr plants at 3 and 7 dai, +Si+Cr plants at 3 and 8 dai, and +Si-Cr plants at 7 and 8 dai, peroxidase activity was significantly higher in comparison to -Si-Cr plants. This study brings new insights into the potential of applying C. rosea and Si to boost cucumber resistance against gray mold with a bright prospect to be used in cucumber production under greenhouse conditions. Keywords Botrytis cinerea . Cucumis sativus . Host defense responses . PR proteins . Phenylpropanoid pathway
Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is one of the most profitable crops cultivated worldwide mainly in greenhouses, where it achieves higher yield and the fruits show great quality (Ramírez-Pérez et al. 2018). The importance of cucumber also is linked to its form of human consumption, which could be * Fabrício Ávila Rodrigues [email protected] 1
Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa,, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-9
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