Simple gamete preservation and artificial reproduction of mammals using micro-insemination techniques
- PDF / 444,454 Bytes
- 7 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 105 Downloads / 149 Views
REVIEW ARTICLE
Simple gamete preservation and artificial reproduction of mammals using micro-insemination techniques Takehito Kaneko
Received: 25 September 2014 / Accepted: 9 December 2014 Ó Japan Society for Reproductive Medicine 2014
Abstract Assisted reproductive technology (ART) has been applied in various procedures as an effective breeding method in experimental, domestic, and wild animals, and for the treatment of human infertility. Micro-insemination techniques such as intracytoplasmic injection of spermatozoa and spermatids are now routinely used ART tools. With these techniques, even immotile and immature sperm cells can be employed as donors for producing the next generation. Gamete preservation, another ART tool, has contributed to reproductive regulation, worldwide transportation, and disease protection of animal strains, and the preserved gametes have been effectively used for the production of offspring. ART is now an indispensable tool in mammalian reproduction. This review covers the latest ART tools, with a particular emphasis on micro-insemination and gamete preservation, and discusses the future direction of mammalian artificial reproductive technology. Keywords Animal experimentation Assisted reproductive technologies Freeze-drying Intracytoplasmic sperm injection Sperm preservation
routinely used in assisted reproductive technology (ART) for infertile couples who wish to have a child. In 1951, Chang [2] and Austin [3] independently reported the occurrence of ‘‘capacitation,’’ in which spermatozoa acquired the ability to fertilize oocytes only after incubation in the female reproductive tract for several hours. Subsequently, offspring have been obtained from rabbit oocytes fertilized in vitro with spermatozoa capacitated in the female reproductive tract [4]. Studies have also shown that capacitation could be induced artificially in vitro in defined media for hamsters [5], mice [6], rats [7, 8], and humans [1]. These reports have contributed to our understanding of fertilization events and subsequent embryonic development, and have enabled further development of ART for mammals. Various ART tools have been created, improved upon, and applied to mammalian reproduction. This review introduces the latest ART tools, focusing particularly on micro-insemination and gamete preservation.
Fertilization in vitro Introduction In 1978, the birth of the first human baby developed from an oocyte fertilized with spermatozoa in vitro was reported by Steptoe and Edwards [1]. Thereafter established as ‘‘in vitro fertilization (IVF),’’ this technique is now
T. Kaneko (&) Institute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan e-mail: [email protected]
IVF has been used as an effective ART tool in various mammals. The advantage of IVF is that a sufficient number of embryos can be produced using low volumes of spermatozoa, and this technique has contributed favorably to genetic resource conservation and production
Data Loading...
