Simplified SMA-inspired 1-parameter SCS-CN model for runoff estimation
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Simplified SMA-inspired 1-parameter SCS-CN model for runoff estimation Sangeeta Verma 1 & Pushpendra Kumar Singh 2 & Surendra Kumar Mishra 3 & Sanjay Kumar Jain 2 & Ronny Berndtsson 4 & Anju Singh 1 & Ravindra Kumar Verma 1 Received: 9 August 2017 / Accepted: 11 July 2018 # Saudi Society for Geosciences 2018
Abstract This study proposes a simplified 1-parameter SCS-CN model (M5) based on Mishra-Singh (2002) model and soil moisture accounting (SMA) procedure for surface runoff estimation and compares its performance with the existing SCS-CN method (SCS, 1956) (M1), Michel 1-P model (Water Resour Res 41:1-6, 2005) (M2), Sahu 1-P model (Hydrol Process 21:2872-2881, 2007) (M3), and Ajmal et al. model (J Hydrol 530:623-633, 2015) (M4) using large rainfall–runoff dataset of 48,763 events from123 USDA-ARS watersheds. The performance of models was evaluated using three statistical error indices such as NashSutcliffe efficiency (NSE), root mean square error (RMSE), percentage bias (PBIAS), and rank and grading system (RGS). Based on the results obtained, the models can be ranked as follows: M5 > M4 > M3 > M1 > M2, i.e., model M5 outperformed all the remaining four models M1–M4 and hence is recommended for field applications. Keywords SCS-CN method . Soil moisture accounting . Surface runoff . Curve number
Introduction Estimation of storm water runoff is essential for a range of applications (Wang and Melesse 2005) such as design of hydraulic structures (King and Balogh 2008), flood forecasting (Hapuarachchi et al. 2011), reservoir operation (Mishra 1998), and assessment of watershed management practices (Arnold et al. 2001; Wang et al. 2010). For this purpose, a multitude of rainfall–runoff methods are available in the literature. However, most methods have limited applicability because of their intensive input data and calibration requirements (Shi et al. 2009). The Soil Conservation Service Curve * Pushpendra Kumar Singh [email protected] 1
Environmental Engineering and Management Group, National Institute of Industrial Engineering, 400087, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
2
Water Resources Systems Division, National Institute of Hydrology, 247667, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
3
Department of Water Resources Development and Management, Indian Institute of Technology, 247667, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
4
Department of Water Resources Engineering/Center for Middle Eastern Studies, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
Number (SCS-CN) (now called as the Natural Resource Conservation Service Curve Number (NRCS-CN)) method is globally popular for estimating runoff from rainfall events because of its simplicity, stability, predictability, and ease of application for gauged and ungauged watersheds (Mishra and Singh 2003; Sahu et al. 2007; Singh et al. 2010, 2013). Published literature highlights the fruitful application history around the globe. The method was developed by United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) and is well documented in the National Engineering Handbook
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