Simulation and Verification of Electronic and Biological Systems
Simulation and Verification of Electronic and Biological Systems provides a showcase for the Circuit and Multi-Domain Simulation Workshop held in San Jose, California, USA, on November 5, 2009. The nine chapters are contributed by experts in the field and
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Peng Li r Luís Miguel Silveira r Peter Feldmann Editors
Simulation and Verification of Electronic and Biological Systems
Editors Peng Li Dept. of Electrical and Comp. Eng. Texas A&M University 3259 TAMU 77843 College Station USA [email protected]
Peter Feldmann IBM T.J. Watson Research Center Kitchawan Rd. 1101 10598 Yorktown Heights USA [email protected]
Luís Miguel Silveira Dept. of Electrical and Comp. Eng. INESC ID/IST - TU Lisbon Rua Alves Redol 9 1000-029 Lisboa Portugal [email protected]
ISBN 978-94-007-0148-9 e-ISBN 978-94-007-0149-6 DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-0149-6 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2011 No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Cover design: eStudio Calamar S.L. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Foreword
The first fifty years of the semiconductor industry have seen a remarkable sustained exponential rate of growth that is unprecedented! The industry continues to make ever smaller devices, more complex fabrication processes, and larger and more capable systems, all the while continuing to reduce the cost per component and per computation—a truly impressive achievement for the scientists and engineers who work in this area. Creating integrated circuits is different from other fields of engineering in one striking aspect: it does not rely on prototyping! An automotive engineer will, as a matter of course, build a working prototype of his car, measure its performance in a wind tunnel, drive it around a racetrack, and even crash test it. A civil engineer will build a scale model of a bridge and study its behavior under various loading or environmental conditions. But an integrated circuit design engineer does not have that luxury—he must get the design “right” the first time, and he does it by relying almost exclusively on computer simulation of the integrated circuit. This near-exclusive reliance on simulation is somewhat unique to the semiconductor industry, though its economic benefits—demonstrated by our phenomenal success—are now coaxing other engineering disciplines to move in the same direction. At its core, the prediction of circuit performance via simulation requires three things: 1. Abstractions of the distributed (albeit tiny) devices that allow them to be viewed purely via their interface terminals. We refer to these abstractions as “compact models”. 2. Conservation laws for charge and energy that mathematically describe how a circuit comprised of a collection of devices behaves. We refer to these as Kirchhoffs current and voltage law. 3. Numerical algorithms that allow the efficient simulation of the behav
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