Simulation of Mixed Critical In-Vehicular Networks
Future automotive applications ranging from advanced driver assistance to autonomous driving will largely increase demands on in-vehicular networks. Data flows of high bandwidth or low latency requirements, but in particular many additional communication
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Simulation of Mixed Critical In-Vehicular Networks Philipp Meyer, Franz Korf, Till Steinbach, and Thomas C. Schmidt
10.1 Introduction The automotive market is growing in demand for innovative driver assistance systems, as well as highly automated or even autonomous driving units. In-vehicular communication networks that connect sensors and actuators with Electronic Control Units (ECUs) contribute the basis to these distributed, safety-critical, and highly complex systems. Consequently, their architecture and design are playing an increasingly important role. As of today, in-car communication concepts fall short in meeting the emerging requirements of future driving systems. High bandwidth demands from distributed visual sensors—e.g., a raw data fusion of laser scanners and cameras—exceed the capacities of current data transmission systems by more than an order of magnitude. For example, a low-resolution camera stream of 7 Mbit/s already exceeds the Controller Area Network (CAN) bandwidth of 0.5 Mbit/s around 14 times. An increasing number of vehicular safety functions pose strict redundancy or Quality of Service (QoS) requirements like latency and jitter. With respect to this growing heterogeneity, current automotive communication architectures and technologies reach their limits. With timing and bandwidth aspects in mind, communication techniques are needed that provide a wide range of real-time communication services. Switched Ethernet is a promising candidate to overcome the challenges of future in-car networks [15] due to its high
P. Meyer () · F. Korf · T. C. Schmidt Department Informatik, HAW Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] T. Steinbach Ibeo Automotive Systems GmbH, Hamburg, Germany e-mail: [email protected] © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019 A. Virdis, M. Kirsche (eds.), Recent Advances in Network Simulation, EAI/Springer Innovations in Communication and Computing, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12842-5_10
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data capacities, its low cost of commodity components, and its flexibility in terms of protocols and topologies [27]. Communication architectures of today’s vehicles are composed of different domain-specific technologies such as CAN, FlexRay, Local Interconnect Network (LIN), and Media Oriented Systems Transport (MOST) [19]. Cross-domain communication is enabled via a central gateway that inter-connects a majority of these buses. For premium cars, the simple structuring mechanism of a central gateway reaches its limits in terms of complexity and ability to control. Future developments of automotive services and communication require new concepts and solutions. The One-Pair Ether-Net (OPEN) Alliance Special Interest Group, which is driven by the automobile industry, focuses on the standardization of certified automotive Ethernet that runs over one single pair of unshielded twisted wires, previously offered as BroadR-Reach by Broadcom [12, 13]. It is very well suited for the chal
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