Simulation of the Hydroecological Regime of the Nizhnekamskoe Reservoir
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ORATION OF THE VOLGA
Simulation of the Hydroecological Regime of the Nizhnekamskoe Reservoir Yu. S. Datsenkoa, * and V. V. Puklakova aMoscow
State University, Moscow, 119991 Russia *e-mail: [email protected]
Received January 15, 2020; revised March 13, 2020; accepted April 17, 2020
Abstract—The hydroecological simulation model GMV-MGU is applied to the Nizhnekamskoe Reservoir. The results of a series of diagnostic model calculations, which characterize the ecological state of the reservoir over 2012–2015, are discussed. The results of calculations are used to establish the major regularities in the space and time variations of water quality characteristics in the Nizhnekamskoe Reservoir. Keywords: reservoir, hydroecological state, simulation, water quality DOI: 10.1134/S0097807820050061
INTRODUCTION The regulation of Volga runoff and its transformation into a chain of reservoirs caused considerable changes in the environmental conditions of the Volga, the degree of these changes depending on the specific features of chemical runoff formation on reservoir watersheds and the regime of runoff regulation. Estimates of changes in water quality in Volga reservoirs under the effect of polluted waters arriving from drainage areas have made it necessary to develop methods for management and control of hydrological and hydrochemical processes in the drainage basin–water body system. The most effective method for establishing regularities in the hydroecological regime of reservoirs under changing external impacts is mathematical simulation, which allows one to use diagnostic calculations of ecological characteristics to develop specific, scientifically sound recommendations for optimizing the operation of a reservoir or a chain of reservoirs taking into account water quality. In this study, the hydrological model of reservoirs GMV-MGU is adapted to calculate the hydroecological characteristics of the Nizhnekamskoe Reservoir. This reservoir is among the youngest in the Volga– Kama chain; it is used for small-scale regulation of Kama river runoff and it is of importance for the regulation of the Kama branch of the reservoir chain. A specific feature of the Nizhnekamskoe Reservoir, because of which it has been chosen for simulation, is that the formation of water quality in it and the dynamics of its ecological conditions are largely dependent on the external chemical load on its ecosystems through lateral tributaries, among which the Belaya River holds special position because of the heavy anthropogenic load onto its basin.
MATERIALS AND METHODS The Nizhnekamskii Hydropower Structure (HPS) was constructed in the valley of the Kama at Naberezhnye Chelny city, 69.5 km upstream of the mouth of the Vyatka River; it is the third in the chain of HPPs on the Kama. The reservoir at the Niznekamskii HPP lies in the territories of the Republic of Tatarstan, the Republic of Bashkortostan, and the Udmurtian Republic; its drainage basin also includes a part of the territories of Chelyabinsk and Sverdlovsk oblasts and Perm krai (Fig. 1).
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