Simulation Possibilites of the Post-Mining Goafs Impact on the Deformations Induced by Next Underground Mining Operation
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Simulation Possibilites of the Post-Mining Goafs Impact on the Deformations Induced by Next Underground Mining Operations with Use of the Cellular Automata Method Sikora Paweł
Received: 15 April 2020 / Accepted: 3 October 2020 Ó The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Underground mining operations in the area of a rock mass affected by previous exploitation may cause additional deformations to appear on the surface. The size of these deformations can be significant, and their character is often non-linear. The nature of these deformations cannot be justified solely by the impact of current mining operations. At the same time, the predictive method of S. Knothe, widely used in Poland, does not explicitly include these types of phenomena. In the area of intensive and long-term mining exploitation, such as the Upper Silesian Coal Basin, the practical possibility of simulating this occurrence may be helpful in the planning of new mining exploitation under construction objects. Today we are usually limited to numerical modelling methods like finite difference method (FDM). This one base on the principle of mechanical similarity. The theoretical usefulness of method (and its similar) has already been proven many times. The main impediment to its practical application is the lack of recognition of the rock mass in terms of its mechanical properties. The presented method is a new approach to the possibility of modelling the subject phenomenon. The method has not been used in practical forecasting mining area deformation caused
S. Paweł (&) Department of Mining, Faculty of Mining, Safety Engineering and Industrial Automation, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland e-mail: [email protected]
by underground deposits mining. It’s characterized by a huge potential for further development. Keywords Subsidence Underground mining Finite difference method Cellular automata Postmining goaf
1 Introduction Underground mining exploitation in the area of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin has been carried out continuously for several hundred years. In the first period mining works were carried out at small depths. The development of mining over the decades has contributed to the increase in the average depth of exploitation. This fact caused that currently mining operations take place in conditions of the rock mass strongly affected by previously extracted mining works (Kowalski et al. 2010; Strzałkowski 2010). This favours the so-called activating old goafs, and thus leads to the resumption of exploitation proceeds after the period of their earlier stabilisation (Głowacki et al. 2013; Pilecki 2011). Activation of old goafs has a large impact on the course of the rock mass deformation process. Observed influences of conducted mining operations show significant differences in relation to forecasts that do not take into account the presence of old mining workings. An example may be the
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Geotech Geol Eng
noticeable influence of reactivation of old goaf, document
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