Simulators and Test Equipment
This chapter presents a review of a range of global navigation satellite system (GNSS ) simulators and test equipment. Different types of systems are discussed, including radio frequency (RF ) and intermediate frequency (IF ) simulators; record and playba
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Simulators an 18. Simulators and Test Equipment
Mark G. Petovello, James T. Curran
This chapter presents a review of a range of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) simulators and test equipment. Different types of systems are discussed, including radio frequency (RF) and intermediate frequency (IF) simulators; record and playback systems; and measurement simulators. The key features of each of these devices are examined, illustrating their various implementations, typical usage, and highlighting their individual benefits and drawbacks. The chapter concludes with an overview of considerations that should be borne in mind when selecting and using simulators and test equipment.
18.1 18.1.1 18.1.2 18.1.3 18.1.4 18.1.5
Background ...................................... Received RF Signal ............................. GNSS Receivers .................................. GNSS Simulators ................................ Record and Playback Systems ............. Details ..............................................
537 537 540 540 542 543
18.2 RF-Level Simulators .......................... 18.2.1 Implementation ................................ 18.2.2 Important Considerations ...................
543 544 544
546 547 548
18.4 Record and Playback Systems ............ 18.4.1 Implementation ................................ 18.4.2 Important Considerations ...................
549 550 550
18.5 Measurement-Level Simulators.......... 18.5.1 Implementation ................................ 18.5.2 Important Considerations ...................
552 553 553
18.6
Combining Live and Simulated Data .......................... 18.6.1 Implementation ................................ 18.6.2 Important Considerations ...................
554 555 555
18.7 18.7.1 18.7.2 18.7.3 18.7.4 18.7.5
Other Considerations......................... GNSS Systems Supported .................... Interference and Spoofing.................. Other Data ........................................ Configurability .................................. Expandability....................................
556 556 556 556 556 556
18.8
Summary..........................................
557
References...................................................
557
ceivers: known-response tests, performance tests, and exploratory tests. Known-response testing is typical of quality control and fault-isolation, wherein the receiver is subject to a specific and well-defined scenario or stimulus, and its response is compared to a well-known reference response, representative of a properly functioning receiver. For quality control, a threshold is typically defined in terms of the difference between the reference and measured responses, and a pass or fail verdict can be ascribed. For fault-isolation or debugging tests, the particular stimulus may be carefully chosen to excite a specific feature or functionality of the receiver, thereby enabling a user to identify where the fault may lie. Performance testing often takes a similar form, whereby a receiver may be subject to a well-de
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