Simultaneous Improvement of Ductility and Strength by Minute Doping in Ultrafine Grained Au Wires-Experiment and First P
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Simultaneous Improvement of Ductility and Strength by Minute Doping in Ultrafine Grained Au Wires-Experiment and First Principle Study Yeong Huey Effie Chew1,2, Chee Cheong Wong2, Cristiano Ferraris2, and Hui Hui Kim3 1 Research & Development, Kulicke & Soffa (S. E. A.) Pte Ltd, Block 5002, Ang Mo Kio, Avenue 5,#04-05 TECHplace II, Singapore, 569871, Singapore 2 Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 569871, Singapore 3 Insitute of Materials Research, Singapore, 569871, Singapore ABSTRACT Achieving both high strength and ductility is a common goal in the design of fine-grained materials. Here we report that with only ppm level of calcium doping, ductility and strength in ultrafine-grained gold wires can be concurrently improved by 108% and 65% respectively. Preferential segregation of calcium to stacking faults and grain boundaries in gold has reduced stacking fault energy of the system effectively, as shown by TEM and first principle simulation study. Through the modification of stacking fault energy, one can simultaneously increases the strength and ductility of a system. INTRODUCTION If the grain size dependence of the strength of metals is extrapolated to small grain sizes outside of the normal ranges (i.e.
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