Skin Decontamination A Comprehensive Clinical Research Guide
The skin is the first line of defense against chemical warfare agents including nerve agents and toxic industrial chemicals, providing a possible barrier or delay to systemic distribution. However, some chemicals act directly on the skin including vesican
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Skin Decontamination
Hanjiang Zhu • Howard I. Maibach Editors
Skin Decontamination A Comprehensive Clinical Research Guide
Editors Hanjiang Zhu, PhD Department of Dermatology University of California San Francisco, CA USA
Howard I. Maibach, MD Department of Dermatology University of California San Francisco School of Medicine San Francisco, CA USA
ISBN 978-3-030-24008-0 ISBN 978-3-030-24009-7 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24009-7 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
Preface
To general toxicologist and those involved in skin, hair and nail decontamination of chemical warfare and chemicals of mass destruction. The birth of this field occurred in Belgium – a century ago, when both government contenders utilized chemicals which produced marked lethality and/or incapacitation. This led to many countries being involved in research in the field of chemical decontamination – mainly aimed at chemicals of mass destruction. Much of the experimental data remains buried in governmental archives such as the United States and the United Kingdom, and some remains classified until now. Today there is wide acceptance, by many governments, of various Fuller’s earth formulations (such as France) and the so-called RSDL – the United States. Combined with these highly specialized formulations, with deep research background, is another major approach to mass decontamination – the water wash approach. In addition, worldwide, material safety data sheets (MSDS) recommend water wash for acute skin decontamination. Recent data suggests that water wash may, at various time points, increase skin penetration and the potential for increasing a
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