Sleep quality and Dietary Inflammatory Index among university students: a cross-sectional study
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PEDIATRICS • ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Sleep quality and Dietary Inflammatory Index among university students: a cross-sectional study Alyaa A. Masaad 1 & Ayesha M. Yusuf 1 & Ayman Z. Shakir 1 & Maryam S. Khan 1 & Sharfa Khaleel 1 & Leila Cheikh Ismail 1,2 & Mo’ez Al-Islam E. Faris 1 & Haitham A. Jahrami 3,4 & Nitin Shivappa 5,6,7 & James R. Hebert 5,6,7 & Ahmed S. Bahammam 8,9 Received: 9 July 2020 / Revised: 7 August 2020 / Accepted: 10 August 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Purpose Evidence indicates that most college students face reduced sleep quality due to unhealthy dietary habits and hectic daily schedules. While the relationship between sleep quality and general health has been the subject of intensive research, little is known about the association between sleep and its relation with the inflammatory potential of the diet until recently. This study aimed to investigate the association between Energy-Adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index (E-DII®) scores and sleep quality in a group of students from the University of Sharjah (UOS). Methods A cross-sectional study design was followed, and convenience sampling was used. Participants were assessed for sleep quality using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), E-DII scores were derived from a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and physical activity level was measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Chi-square tests and two-sample t tests were used to find an association between E-DII scores and sleep quality. Results A total of 379 college students were included in the study of whom 64 % were female and 81% were between 18 and 21 years of age. Two-thirds of participants experienced poor sleep quality. Although results were trending in the hypothesized direction, no significant association was found between E-DII scores and sleep quality. Among the individual components of sleep quality, a direct significant association was found between E-DII scores and day dysfunction (P = 0.03). Conclusions These results suggest that a pro-inflammatory diet maybe related to increased day dysfunction among UOS students. Consuming a more anti-inflammatory diet may reduce daytime dysfunction. Further prospective and controlled studies are required to confirm this association, and to explore other attributes and their sequelae on sleep quality. Keywords College students . Inflammation . Lifestyle . Nutrition . Sleep health . Dietary Inflammatory Index
Introduction Globally, reduced sleep quality is increasing at an exponential rate [1]. Sleep quality plays a vital role in neurocognitive functioning, psychomotor performance,
* Mo’ez Al-Islam E. Faris [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences/Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
and physical health [2]. Poor sleep quality has been associated with increased risks for diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and obesity
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