Slope Stability Analysis along NH 1D from Sonamarg to Kargil, J&K, India: Implications for Landslide Risk Reduction
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Slope Stability Analysis along NH 1D from Sonamarg to Kargil, J&K, India: Implications for Landslide Risk Reduction Aadil M. Nanda1, Maqbool Yousuf2, Zahoor Ul Islam3*, Pervez Ahmed4 and T. A. Kanth5 1,3,4,5
Department of Geography & Regional Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar - 190 006, India Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Srinagar – 190 006, India *E-mail: [email protected]
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ABSTRACT The present work attempts to analyze the slope stability of road section along the national highway NH-1D from Sonamarg to Kargil in the erstwhile J&K, India. The rugged and treacherous terrain in this region is prone to frequent slope failures taking heavy toll of life, property and inconveniences to commuters due to disruption of vehicular movement. For slope study analysis twenty facets were chosen for detail based kinematic analysis and Rock Mass Rating (RMR) to identify the causes and types of failure and potential failure directions. The RMR values obtained from the study range from17 to 96, representing very poor to very good rating and the slopes range from completely unstable to completely stable. The kinematic analysis reveals that most joint planes intersect with each other in different directions consequently forming different potential failure modes. The study concludes that the existing slopes require urgent mitigation measures to thwart the failure. INTRODUCTION Slope failure occurrence are the most common, natural as well as anthropogenic hazards, in mountainous areas threatening people and property. The probability of failure has increased in the geodynamically active mountain belts like Himalaya due to the frequent road excavations without prior knowledge of geological setting and rock mass quality (Sarkar et al., 1995, 2012; Rautela et al., 2005; Sharma 2006; Chauhan et al., 2010; Pradhan et al., 2011, 2014; and Singh et al., 2014). These excavations have devastating consequences on natural environment, steering loss of life and damage to property (Singh et al., 2014). Tectonic setting, weathering and erosion processes accompanied by anthropogenic activities trigger slope failures in high relief mountain system (Starkel, 1972; Bartarya et al., 1996; and Virdi et al., 1995). Slope failure analysis is complex processes where a number of factors contribute in triggering the failure. The analysis requires a large number of input parameters to study through costly and timeconsuming analytical techniques (Virdi et al., 1995; Rautela et al., 2005). A number of techniques like Rock Mass Classification, Kinematic Analysis, Limit Equilibrium, Physical and Numerical Models are adopted for the assessment of slope stability nowadays (Sarkar and Singh, 2008; Sarkar and Singh, 2009; Vishal et al., 2010; Singh et al., 2010; Sarkar et al., 2012; Trivedi et al., 2012; Singh et al., 2013; Gupte et al., 2013; Vishal et al., 2015). Among this, one of the most widely accepted methods are Kinematics Analysis (Stereographic Projection) and Rock Mass Rating (RMR). Kinematic analysis inve
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