Small-scale modelling of root-soil interaction of trees under lateral loads
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Small-scale modelling of root-soil interaction of trees under lateral loads X. Zhang & J. A. Knappett Liang & F. Danjon
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A. K. Leung & M. O. Ciantia & T.
Received: 21 February 2020 / Accepted: 6 July 2020 # The Author(s) 2020
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-020-04636-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
elevated-gravity (centrifuge 20-g) and normalgravity (1-g) conditions. Results The shallow and wide model showed higher anchorage strength than the deep and narrow model. Regardless of the root architecture, the root anchorage strength measured from dry soil was higher than that from saturated soil. However, once the effective stress was the same, regardless of water conditions, the root anchorage strength would be the same. Conclusions The presence of water decreasing the soil effective stress and key lateral roots extending along the wind direction play a significant role on a tree’s push-over resistance. Centrifuge tests showed comparable results to the field pull-over measurements while 1-g model tests overestimated the root-soil interaction, which could be corrected for soil strength by using modified scaling laws.
X. Zhang : J. A. Knappett (*) : A. K. Leung : M. O. Ciantia : T. Liang School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK e-mail: [email protected]
Keywords Root-soil interaction . Push-over . Centrifuge . Moment capacity . Root system architecture . Water condition
Abstract Aim (1) To understand the tree root-soil interaction under lateral and moment loading using a physical modelling technique; (2) To detect the possible factors (e.g. root architecture, water condition, and stress level) influencing a tree’s push-over behaviour; (3) To identify suitable scaling laws to use in physical modelling. Methods Two 1:20 scaled root models with different architectures (namely, deep and narrow, and shallow and wide) were reconstructed and 3D printed based on the field-surveyed root architecture data. Push-over tests were performed both in Responsible Editor: Alexia Stokes.
A. K. Leung Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong SAR T. Liang Center for Hypergravity Experimental and Interdisciplinary Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China F. Danjon INRAE, BIOGECO, Univ. de Bordeaux, F-33610 Cestas, France
Abbreviations ABS Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene CPT cone penetration test DBH diameter at breast height DSA direct shear apparatus ND narrow and deep (root model) PSD particle size distribution WS wide and shallow (root model)
Plant Soil
Introduction Understanding tree root anchorage behaviour under lateral and moment loads has long been of interest in forestry, where heavy winds, which are predicted to be stronger due to the increase of power of major Atlantic tropical hurricanes (Dekker et al. 2018), are the main causes of destruction in Eu
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