Small Wind Turbines Analysis, Design, and Application
Small Wind Turbines provides a thorough grounding in analysing, designing, building, and installing a small wind turbine. Small turbines are introduced by emphasising their differences from large ones and nearly all the analysis and design examples refer
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David Wood
Small Wind Turbines Analysis, Design, and Application
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Dr. David Wood Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering University of Calgary University Dr NW 2500 Calgary, AB T2N 1N4 Canada e-mail: [email protected]
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ISSN 1865-3529 ISBN 978-1-84996-174-5 DOI 10.1007/978-1-84996-175-2
e-ISSN 1865-3537 e-ISBN 978-1-84996-175-2
Springer London Dordrecht Heidelberg New York British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Springer-Verlag London Limited 2011 Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms of licenses issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside those terms should be sent to the publishers. The use of registered names, trademarks, etc., in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher makes no representation, express or implied, with regard to the accuracy of the information contained in this book and cannot accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made. Cover design: eStudio Calamar, Berlin/Figueres Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface
The IEC Standard for small wind turbine safety, IEC 61400-2, defines a small wind turbine as having a rotor swept area of less than 200 m2 which corresponds to a rated power of about 50 kW. This approximate definition will be used in this text, which, like the Standard, covers only horizontal-axis wind turbines. Until the beginning of the twentieth century, all wind turbines were small, at least in terms of power output, and were used for water pumping and milling rather than producing electricity. One of the earliest small turbines for electricity production is shown in Fig. P.1. It was built by English Brothers of Wisbech, England and designed by Edward Burne. Under circumstances that are not clear, one of Burne’s windmills was installed on a farm owned by Russell Grimwade near Frankston, Victoria, Australia, in 1924. Grimwade recorded: the electric mains are nowhere within reach. Artificial illumination must be provided and here we displayed our eccentricities to the full. A large [sic] Dutch-type windmill was set up on an attractive hardwood tower that housed the batteries in its base. For artistic effect it gained full marks – for the effective generation of electricity it hardly scored a point. … It wa
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