SMART: An Efficient, Scalable, and Robust Streaming Video System
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SMART: An Efficient, Scalable, and Robust Streaming Video System Feng Wu Microsoft Research Asia, 3F Sigma Center, No. 49 Zhichun Road, Haidian, Beijing 100080, China Email: [email protected]
Honghui Sun Microsoft Research Asia, 3F Sigma Center, No. 49 Zhichun Road, Haidian, Beijing 100080, China Email: [email protected]
Guobin Shen Microsoft Research Asia, 3F Sigma Center, No. 49 Zhichun Road, Haidian, Beijing 100080, China Email: [email protected]
Shipeng Li Microsoft Research Asia, 3F Sigma Center, No. 49 Zhichun Road, Haidian, Beijing 100080, China Email: [email protected]
Ya-Qin Zhang Microsoft Research Asia, 3F Sigma Center, No. 49 Zhichun Road, Haidian, Beijing 100080, China Email: [email protected]
Bruce Lin Microsoft Corporation, One Microsoft Way, Redmond, WA 98052-6399, USA Email: [email protected]
Ming-Chieh Lee Microsoft Corporation, One Microsoft Way, Redmond, WA 98052-6399, USA Email: [email protected] Received 9 December 2002; Revised 12 September 2003 SMART, the acronym of scalable media adaptation and robust transport, is a suite of compression and transmission technologies for efficient, scalable, adaptive, and robust video streaming over the best-effort Internet. It consists of two indispensable parts: SMART video coding and SMART video streaming. The SMART video coding part is an efficient DCT-based universal fine granularity scalable coding scheme. Since the SMART video coding scheme adopts multiple-loop prediction and drifting reduction techniques at the macroblock level, it can achieve high coding efficiency at a wide range of bit rates. More importantly, it provides all sorts of scalabilities, that is, quality, temporal, spatial, and complexity scalabilities, in order to accommodate heterogeneous time-variant networks and different devices. The SMART video streaming part is a transport scheme that fully takes advantages of the special features of the scalable bitstreams. An accurate bandwidth estimation method is first discussed as the prerequisite of network adaptation. Then, flexible error resilience technique and unequal error protection strategy are investigated to enhance the robustness of streaming SMART bitstream. The SMART system shows excellent performances with regard to high coding efficiency, flexible channel bandwidth adaptation, smooth playback, and superior error robustness in static and dynamic experiments. Keywords and phrases: video streaming, fine granularity scalability, video transmission, bandwidth estimation, error resilience, unequal error protection.
SMART: An Efficient, Scalable, and Robust Streaming Video System 1.
INTRODUCTION
With the recent developments in computing technology, compression and transmission technologies, high-capacity storage devices, and high-speed wired and wireless networks, more and more users expect to enjoy high-quality multimedia services over the Internet [1, 2, 3]. In general, there are two approaches to provide multimedia services on demand: offline downloading and online streaming. Since the streaming approach enables use
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