Smart health: the use of a lower limb exoskeleton in patients with sarcopenia
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Smart health: the use of a lower limb exoskeleton in patients with sarcopenia Javier A. de la Tejera1 · M. Rogelio Bustamante-Bello1 · Ricardo A. Ramirez-Mendoza1 Sergio A. Navarro-Tuch1 · Javier Izquierdo-Reyes1 · Jose Luis Pablos-Hach1
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Received: 24 July 2020 / Accepted: 25 September 2020 © Springer-Verlag France SAS, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Abstract The exoskeletons are an emerging technology that may help the population in many physical health aspects, regardless of the application area. An affliction that is alarmingly increasing due to the rise in the population’s average age and their sedentary lifestyles, is sarcopenia. The sarcopenia is the diminish of muscle mass and muscle strength, with the pass of the time. One of the main ways to avoid its development is by performing physical activities, however, when an elderly person needs to perform them, there is a problem due to their physical capacity. A lower-limb exoskeleton can help the elderly, who do not have the minimum muscle strength needed, to perform physical activities. Monitoring the muscles of the user with an electromyography (EMG) portable device, while wearing the exoskeleton, will give a quantitative response analysis to ensure the exoskeleton is helping the patient. After the data has been acquired by the EMG, it can then be uploaded to the cloud for the processing of the information and its further display for a daily check by a medical expert. This process provides a more efficient way of checking the patient’s sarcopenia development, but also, to promote the further constant use of the exoskeleton in the daily life of the patients, in order to improve their life quality. Graphic Abstract
Keywords Lower limb exoskeleton · Passive exoskeleton · Smart health · Sarcopenia · Electromyography (EMG) evaluation
1 Introduction
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Javier A. de la Tejera [email protected] M. Rogelio Bustamante-Bello [email protected] School of Engineering and Science, Centro de Investigación en Microsistemas y Biodiseño, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Calle del Puente 222, Tlalpan, Ejidos de Huipulco, 14380 Mexico City, Mexico
In the modern era, the world population is aging. Between 1990 and 2013, the global share of older people (aged 60 years or over) increased from 9.2 to 11.7%, respectively; and it’s calculated that the global share will continue growing to 21.1% in 2050 [33]. Moreover, according to the United Nations, the people aged 65 years or over in the 2019 were 703 million persons, which represents the 9% of the global
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International Journal on Interactive Design and Manufacturing (IJIDeM)
population (in contrast with the previous report) and projecting a rise to 1.5 billion or 16% of the population by 2050 [32], in other words, one in every six persons in the world will be 65 years or older for that year. Besides, in 2017, only in the United States, there were approximately 49.2 million people aged 65 and over; and it is projected that in 2060 there will be around 98 million [31]. The natural process in which th
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