Smoke-free workplaces are associated with smoke-free homes in India: evidence for action
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Smoke-free workplaces are associated with smoke-free homes in India: evidence for action Jaya Prasad Tripathy 1 Received: 19 November 2019 / Accepted: 10 July 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract India enacted a smoke-free law in 2003. It is believed that smoke-free workplaces will lead to more smoking in private places such as homes. The national Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS 2) India 2016–2017 collects information on the self-reported prevalence of SHS exposure in homes and workplaces. The present study utilised the GATS 2 dataset to establish the association between working in a smoke-free workplace and living in a smoke-free home. 70.1% of respondents who worked indoors reported smoke-free workplace; 64.5% of respondents reported that they live in a smoke-free home. Respondents who reported that their workplace was smoke-free were significantly more likely to live in smoke-free homes compared with those who are exposed to SHS at the workplace (69.5% vs 45.5%, AOR = 1.8, 95% CI 1.5–2.1). Males, urban residents, family with fewer members, non-smokers and non-smokeless tobacco users were significantly more likely to live in a smoke-free home. Significant differences were also observed with respect to religion, caste, region and education levels. Our results provide conclusive evidence to support that smoke-free workplaces influence smoke-free homes in India. Thus, it highlights the importance of accelerating the implementation of existing national tobacco control legislation on smoke-free public places. Keywords Second-hand smoke . Global Adult Tobacco Survey . Smoke-free home . Smoke-free workplace
Background Second-hand smoke (SHS) is one of the most hazardous and widespread exposures in the indoor environment. In 2015, according to the Global Burden of Disease Study, SHS claimed 0.9 million deaths and 24 million DALYs globally (Collaborators GBD 2016 Risk Factors Emmanuela et al. 2017). The International Agency for Research on Cancer and the World Health Organization (WHO) have established links between SHS and several diseases (World Health Organization and International Agency for Research on Cancer 2004). The Global Youth Tobacco Survey 1999–2005, comprising of students aged 13–15 years from 132 countries, found that more than half of the respondents were exposed to SHS in any public place and at home (GTSS Collaborative Group 2006). Data from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) Responsible Editor: Philippe Garrigues * Jaya Prasad Tripathy [email protected] 1
Department of Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, India
2008–2010, a nationally representative household survey of individuals, 15 years or older reported SHS exposure in home ranging from 17.3% in Mexico to 73.1% in Vietnam. SHS exposure in the public places widely ranged from 3.8 to 88.5% in low-middle income countries (defined by World Bank as those with a gross national income per capita between $1026 and $3995) (The World Bank 2020; King et al. 2013
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