Social Trauma: A Bridging Concept
Social trauma is a clinical as well as a sociopsychological category: (1) as a clinical category it defines a group of posttraumatic disorders caused by organized societal violence or genocide where a social group is the target of planned persecution and
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l Trauma – An Interdisciplinary Textbook
Social Trauma - An Interdisciplinary Textbook
Andreas Hamburger Camellia Hancheva • Vamık D. Volkan Editors
Social Trauma – An Interdisciplinary Textbook
Editors Andreas Hamburger International Psychoanalytic University Berlin Berlin, Germany
Camellia Hancheva Department of Psychology Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski” Sofia, Bulgaria
Vamık D. Volkan University of Virginia Charlottesville, VA, USA
ISBN 978-3-030-47816-2 ISBN 978-3-030-47817-9 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47817-9 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
Introduction
Despite all progress in civilization and technology, collective violence has re- emerged over and again throughout history, afflicting large social groups and leaving traumatic scars not only in the individual survivors’ mental life but also in the collective memories of the involved groups. Social trauma influences group identity; it shapes individual and collective coping processes as well as transgenerational transmission. The sequelae of violence targeted against whole groups may embrace psychopathological symptoms in both victims and perpetrators that differ substantially from general traumatic symptoms, but specifically these sociotraumatic experiences afflict also whole social environments. Thus, social traumatizations must be understood and treated in a wider conceptual frame, connecting clinical psychology and psychiatry to all societal aspects. As social trauma is rooted in collective violence, it depends on social mechanisms if and how it leads to long- term clinical symptoms or unconscious transgenerational traces. It may affect who
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