Sodium copper chlorophyllin attenuates adenine-induced chronic kidney disease via suppression of TGF-beta and inflammato
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Sodium copper chlorophyllin attenuates adenine-induced chronic kidney disease via suppression of TGF-beta and inflammatory cytokines Sachin V. Suryavanshi 1 & Milind Gharpure 2 & Yogesh A. Kulkarni 1 Received: 20 January 2020 / Accepted: 17 May 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of sodium copper chlorophyllin (SCC) in adenine-induced chronic kidney disease (CKD). CKD was induced in male Wistar rats by feeding 0.3% w/w adenine diet for 28 days. After induction, animals were treated with sodium copper chlorophyllin at dose 2.7, 5.4, and 10.8 mg/kg for the next 28 days. The biochemical and urines parameters like creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), albumin, total protein creatinine clearance, urea clearance, and glomerular filtration rate were assessed on days 0, 14, and 28. Plasma TGF-β1, COX-2, and IL-6 levels were assessed. Various oxidative stress parameters and TGF-β1 expression were determined in the kidney. Histopathology of the kidney was studied with different stains. Sodium copper chlorophyllin-treated animals showed a significant reduction in urine output and relative kidney weight. The treatment with sodium copper chlorophyllin significantly improved kidney function by normalizing biochemical and urine parameters. Treatment with SCC significantly reduced circulatory inflammatory mediators—TGF-β1, COX-2, and IL-6. Additionally, the treatment also significantly reduced oxidative stress and TGF-β1 expression in kidney tissues. Histopathology studies showed inhibition in the kidney damage due to the treatment of SCC. The sodium copper chlorophyllin treatment attenuated adenine-induced chronic kidney disease in rats. Keywords Adenine . Chronic kidney disease . Sodium copper chlorophyllin . Chlorophyll derivative . Oxidative stress . Inflammation
Introduction Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major health problem and the leading cause of mortality affecting the quality of life worldwide (Perico and Remuzzi 2016). The CKD is linked with acute kidney injury, cardiovascular dysfunction, and endstage renal disorder (ESRD) (Perico and Remuzzi 2016). The global prevalence of CKD is between 11 and 16% (Hill et al. 2016). The limited treatment approaches for CKD necessitate Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00210-020-01912-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Yogesh A. Kulkarni [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM’s NMIMS, V. L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, India
2
Thinq Pharma-CRO Ltd., A-30, Road No. 10, MIDC, Wagle Estate, Thane 400604, India
researchers to search for novel therapeutic agents especially from natural sources. CKD is characterized by a mild or moderate decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR), increased albuminuria, proteinuria and hematuria, and finally renal failure. Rea
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