Soil Densification Effect on the Behaviour of Chlef Sand (Algeria) under Static and Cyclic Loading: A Laboratory Investi
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Soil Densification Effect on the Behaviour of Chlef Sand (Algeria) under Static and Cyclic Loading: A Laboratory Investigation Zohra Boutaraa
. Ahmed Arab . Rachid Bouferra . Marwan Sadek
Received: 22 June 2016 / Accepted: 6 July 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract This paper presents a laboratory investigation on soil densification effect on the behaviour of Chlef sand (Algeria). The study is carried out via a series of monotonic and cyclic tests in drained and undrained conditions using the triaxial apparatus. It’s conducted in three stages: the first consists on the study of the sand behaviour under monotonic loading in drained conditions. Effects of the confining pressure and of the relative density Dr on the sand’s shear strength are observed. In the second step, the undrained behaviour of the studied sand under monotonic loading is studied, and finally the last step deals with the sand undrained behaviour under cyclic loading. In each step, sand samples with different values of relative density that are ranging from loose, medium and dense state are tested (Dr = 10%, 15, Z. Boutaraa (&) A. Arab Laboratory of Materials Sciences and Environment, Hassiba Benbouali University of Chlef, Chlef, Algeria e-mail: [email protected] A. Arab e-mail: [email protected] R. Bouferra Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Marrakech University, Marrakech, Morocco e-mail: [email protected] M. Sadek Laboratory of Civil Engineering and Geo-Environment, University of Lille 1, Lille, France e-mail: [email protected]
18%, 50%, 65% and 80%). The obtained results show a significant upgrading of the mechanical properties of the sand samples proportionally to the densification rise. The aim of the study is to highlight the improvement that can bring soil densification process on the behaviour of Chlef sand, and therefore its use as a soil reinforcement technique to solve soil deformations in the study area, which is a prone zone to seismic risk. Keywords Chlef sand Relative density Soil densification Monotonic test Cyclic test List of Symbols B Skempton’s pore pressure coefficient C Sand cohesion Cu Coefficient of uniformity Cc Coefficient of curvature D Diameter of the triaxial sample D50 Mean grain size Dr Relative density emax Maximum void ratio emin Minimum void ratio H Height of the triaxial sample Nc Loading cycle’s number P’ Effective confining pressure q Deviator stress qpeak Peak drained shear strength Ru Excess pore pressure generation ratio e1 Axial strain
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Geotech Geol Eng
eV Vs DU u c qs
Volumetric strain Shear wave propagation speeds Pore pressure Friction angle Soil specific weight of the solid grain Specific mass
1 Introduction Soil reinforcement methods represent a tool allowing solving many problems of soft unstable soils especially in seismic zones (settlement, landslide and liquefaction). While some of these methods are very old, like piling wood in low bearing capacity soils, others are more recent suc
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