Soil potassium is correlated with root secondary metabolites and root-associated core bacteria in licorice of different
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Soil potassium is correlated with root secondary metabolites and root-associated core bacteria in licorice of different ages Yang Liu & Yanmei Li & Wen Luo & Shuang Liu & Weimin Chen & Chun Chen & Shuo Jiao & Gehong Wei
Received: 15 February 2020 / Accepted: 24 August 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Aims Licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.) is a crucial medicinal herb as it accumulates glycyrrhizin and liquiritin in roots. Licorice root-associated bacterial communities shaped by soil characteristics are supposed to regulate the accumulation of root secondary metabolites. Methods The soil characteristics, root secondary metabolites, and root-associated bacterial communities were analyzed in licorice plants of different ages to explore their temporal dynamics and interaction mechanisms. Results Temporal variation in soil characteristics and root secondary metabolites was distinct. The alphadiversity of root-associated bacterial communities decreased with root proximity, and the community composition was clustered in the rhizosphere. Different taxa that were core-enriched from the dominant taxa in the bulk soil, rhizosphere soil, and root endosphere displayed varied time–decay relationships. Soil total Responsible Editor: Anna Maria Pirttila Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-020-04692-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. Y. Liu : Y. Li : W. Luo : S. Liu : W. Chen : C. Chen : S. Jiao (*) : G. Wei (*) State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People’s Republic of China e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected]
potassium (TK) as a key factor regulated the temporal variation in some individual taxa in the bulk and rhizosphere soils; these taxa were associated with the adjustment of root secondary metabolites across different TK levels. Conclusions Licorice specifically selects rootassociated core bacteria over the course of plant development, and TK is correlated with root secondary metabolites and individual core-enriched taxa in the bulk and rhizosphere soils, which may have implications for practical licorice cultivation. Keywords Soil nutrients . Glycyrrhizin . Liquiritin . Bacterial community . Temporal dynamics . Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch
Introduction Licorice (Glycyrrhiza) is a genus of herbaceous perennial plants in the family Leguminosae, with approximately 20 species known as popular medicinal plants in arid and semi-arid regions worldwide (Lewis et al., 2005; Xie et al. 2018). Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. is the most common species of licorice and its roots contain two major secondary metabolites, glycyrrhizin and liquiritin, which belong to triterpene saponins and flavonoids, respectively (Hayashi and Sudo 2009). Licorice roots are widely used in the food, beve
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