Solid State Gas Sensing

Solid State Gas Sensors offers insight into the principles, applications, and new trends in gas sensor technology. Developments in this field are rapidly advancing due to the recent and continuing impact of nanotechnology, and this book addresses the dema

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Elisabetta Comini Guido Faglia Giorgio Sberveglieri l

l

Editors

Solid State Gas Sensing

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Editors Elisabetta Comini Sensor Laboratory CNR-INFM and Brescia University Via Valotti, 9 25133 Brescia Italy

Guido Faglia Sensor Laboratory CNR-INFM and Brescia University Via Valotti, 9 25133 Brescia Italy

Giorgio Sberveglieri Sensor Laboratory CNR-INFM and Brescia University Via Valotti, 9 25133 Brescia Italy

ISBN: 978-0-387-09664-3

e-ISBN: 978-0-387-09665-0

DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-09665-0 Library of Congress Control Number: 2008929496 # 2009 Springer ScienceþBusiness Media, LLC All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer ScienceþBusiness Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Printed on acid-free paper springer.com

Preface

Gas sensor technology has advanced remarkably during the past few decades and is becoming an essential technology. Many gas sensors are now commercially available and researchers are making efforts, thanks to pioneering novel ideas, to develop next-generation gas sensors, having all the necessary requirements, such as small size, low production costs and power consumption. This book covers all gas sensor topics, a research field with an increasing interest in the last few years due to the demands of reliable, inexpensive and portable systems for environmental monitoring, indoor air quality, food quality control and many other applications. The goal of this book is to provide a critical assessment of the new trends in the gas sensor field, by describing the working principle and the applications related to the different types of sensors and paying attention to the recent impact of nanotechnology on the field. Nanotechnology is a new field that will dramatically change solid-state gas sensing. In the last few decades, the study of one-dimensional (1D) materials has become a primary focus in nanoscience and nanotechnology. With reduction in size, novel electrical, mechanical, chemical and optical properties have been introduced, which are largely believed to be the result of surface and quantum confinement effects. For example, nanowire-like structures are the ideal system for studying the transport process in one-dimensionally (1D) confined objects, which are of benefit not only for understanding the fundamental phenomena in low dimensional systems but also for developing new generation nanodevices and gas sensors with high performances. The first chapter is devoted to micr