Solid-state pyrolysis of iron phthalocyanine polymer into iron nanowire inside carbon nanotube and their novel electroma
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lid-state pyrolysis of iron phthalocyanine polymer into iron nanowire inside carbon nanotube and their novel electromagnetic properties Rui Zhao, Yajie Lei, Yingqing Zhan, Fanbin Meng, Kun Jia, Jiachun Zhong, and Xiaobo Liua) Research Branch of Functional Polymer Composites, Institute of Microelectronic & Solid State Electronic, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, People’s Republic of China (Received 16 October 2010; accepted 17 August 2011)
Bulk production of iron nanowire inside carbon nanotubes (CNTs) from iron phthalocyanine (FePc) polymer under 800 °C is presented for the first time. The bis-phthalonitrile was firstly reacted with iron nanoparticles to produce iron phthalonitrile oligomer, and heat treatments made the formation of CNTs occurred during the carbonization process of FePc polymer at ambient pressure in nitro atmosphere under 800 °C. The iron nanowire inside carbon tubes from the metal Pc polymer possessed excellent electromagnetic loss and magnetic loss properties.
One-dimensional nanoscale materials have attracted great attention.1 Among them, graphitic carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are one of the most interesting cases because of their unique electronic properties and many potential applications.2 Several methods such as electronic arc discharge, laser ablation, and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of small hydrocarbons over metallic catalysts are commonly used to prepare CNTs.3 Among them, the CVD method is particularly attractive for the synthesis of aligned CNTs in the gas phase. Controllable solid state pyrolysis of organometallic precursors has recently emerged as an alternative method for preparing carbon nanostructures such as CNTs and carbon onions.4 In such a process, the organometallic complexes serve as both the catalyst precursors and as carbon sources, and the pyrolysis is carried out not in the gas phase but in the solid state at “low” temperatures. Phthalocyanine (Pc) is a planar heterocyclic molecule of about 1.3 nm diameter having four fused together phenyl and pyrrole subunits. The Pc macromolecule is able to coordinate various metal cations (Fe, Ni, Co, etc.) in its center with the four central nitrogen atoms belonging to the pyrrolic subunits. With iron, this is called iron phthalocyanine (FeC32H16N8, FePc), which is useful in CNT synthesis.5 However, all these methods need a supply of hydrogen to maintain the activity of catalysts during the high-temperature process (800–1300 °C). Furthermore, bulk synthesis of CNTs from a simple, controllable, and low-cost method is still a critical target in scientific and a)
Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected] DOI: 10.1557/jmr.2011.277 J. Mater. Res., Vol. 26, No. 18, Sep 28, 2011
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industrial research. To conquer the shortages of the low molecular weight Pc as carbon source, the use of Pc polymer, which has extremely good thermal properties and high char yields upon thermal treatment to elevated temperatures,6 as only car
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