Solution Combustion Synthesis of Rare Earth Orthoferrite Nanoparticles: a Comparative Study on Multiferroic Properties o
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Solution Combustion Synthesis of Rare Earth Orthoferrite Nanoparticles: a Comparative Study on Multiferroic Properties of Er–FeO3 vs (La,Yb)FeO3 P. Sathish Kumar 1 & I. Phebe Kokila 2 & M. Kanagaraj 3 & Anil Kumar Paidi 4 & Liang He 3,5 & Helen Annal Therese 2,6 & S. Madeswaran 1 Received: 15 June 2020 / Accepted: 21 July 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Rare earth (RE = La, Er, and YbFeO3) ferrites are prepared from their nitrate precursors using the solution combustion method. Structural analysis using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique indicates that the synthesized La-, Er-, and Yb–FeO3 perovskite nanoparticles have pure phase orthorhombic super unit cells. The XRD patterns of Er–FeO3 and Yb–FeO3 are found to be indexed in Pbnm (62) space group with cell dimensions in the range of ao = 5.2611–5.2784 Å, bo = 5.5729–5.5898 Å, and co = 7.596–7.6002 Å, while the space group of Pnma (62) with ao = 5.5688 Å, bo = 7.8523 Å, and co = 5.5542 Å are obtained for LaFeO3. Surface morphological studies show aggregated spherical-shaped nanoparticles having an orthorhombic crystal structure with an average particle size of ~ 50 nm. Magnetic properties of all the three RE ferrite synthesized in this work exhibit antiferromagnetic behavior. The study of dielectric properties of all the three RE ferrites shows dispersive behavior at low frequencies with low loss. Temperature-dependent dielectric studies confirm that the antiferromagnetic-paramagnetic transition temperature appears at 445 K. A larger P-E loop with a squareness ratio of 1.583 for ErFeO3 orthoferrites suggests that it is more advantageous than LaFeO3 and YbFeO3 for making modern electronic devices. Keywords Orthoferrites . Solution combustion . Multiferroism . Electric coupling . Piezoelectric polarization
1 Introduction
* S. Madeswaran [email protected] 1
Department of Physics, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
2
Nanotechnology Research Centre, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Kancheepuram, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
3
School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People’s Republic of China
4
Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
5
York-Nanjing Joint Centre for Spintronics and Nano Engineering (YNJC), School of Electronics Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People’s Republic of China
6
Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Kancheepuram, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
Rare earth ferrites (RE-FeO3) also known as multiferroic materials crystallize in the orthorhombic structure gained remarkable attention in recent years due to their unusual but interesting coexistence of ferroelectric and weak ferromagnetic coupling. Although the magnetoelectric coupling phenomenon does not naturally exist in RE ferrites, often, not on
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