Solvent processed conductive polymer with single-walled carbon nanotube composites
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Ying Bai Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA; and School of Chemical Engineering & Environment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
Ting Zhang School of Optoelectronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
Amanda S. Lupinacci Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA; and National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
Andrew M. Minor Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA; and National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
Gao Liua) Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA (Received 13 July 2015; accepted 24 September 2015)
Single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) and conductive polymer composite were studied as a potential electrode candidate for plastic electronic devices such as organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) and solar cells. A novel conductive polymer, poly(2,7–9,9(di(oxy-2,5,8-trioxadecane)) fluorene) (PFO), was synthesized and characterized as a surfactant to disperse SWNTs in solutions. The ethylene oxide (EO) side chain of rigid PFO backbone acts as a template to wrap around SWNTs in solution. Up to 0.02% (by weight) of SWNTs are stabilized and well separated in the solution phase. The carbon nanotube can be dispersed in solutions for over 4 mo. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of solvent cast film suggest highly uniformed SWNT distribution incorporated in the conductive polymer matrix. Transmittance characterization shows the film is as transparent as indium tin oxide conducting glass. Conductivity measurement shows SWNTs can effectively inject charges into the PFO polymer matrix at low voltage. The current versus voltage profile of the SWNT/PFO composite film (2% SWNT in PFO by weight) shows that the majority current conducting is carried by SWNTs.
I. INTRODUCTION
Carbon nanotubes are considered as versatile materials that can find applications in various devices, including plasma display, synthetic motor and single molecule light emitting diode.1–4 Different types of nanotube (i.e., n-type, p-type or metallic-type) exhibit different electronic behaviors for particular utilization.5–7 However, methods to render these properties usable, such as self-assembly or micro-fabrication, are costly and time consuming, preventing themselves for scale up applications. An effective approach to circumvent the problem is through solution Contributing Editor: Tao Xie a) Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected] DOI: 10.1557/jmr.2015.328
process, providing solubility in a certain solvent that can be fabricated on larger area or large array devices. Therefore, tremendous efforts have been made to uniformly disperse
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