Some future works of research in electrochemistry
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FEATURE ARTICLE
Some future works of research in electrochemistry Su-Il Pyun 1 Received: 28 March 2020 / Revised: 3 April 2020 / Accepted: 6 April 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract From the brief critical overview of such energy conversion processes as fuel cell (FC), electrolysis of water/hydrochloric acid and discharge/charge of lithium ion batteries, and corrosion process with aid of the conception of anodic and cathodic overvoltages, we derived some key unsolved/unanswered questions which are proposed as future key issues of electrochemistry which can be split into 4 thematic issues. Furthermore, 2 issues of energy conversion at “mixing entropy batteries” by reverse electrodialysis/ desalination by electrodialysis and solar galvanic cell/reverse photovoltaic cell with a semiconductive organic light emission diode (OLED) are also briefly supplemented. Keywords Reversibility . Galvanic cell . Local corrosion cell . Reversible intercalation . Reversible de-intercalation . Overvoltage . Polarization . Hydrogen overvoltage
A brief critical overview of such energy conversion cell as self-driven cell, externally driven electrolytic cell, and discharge/charge of Li ion batteries in comparison with local corrosion cells Let us go back to classical electrochemistry in order to extract the unexplained questions/unsolved problems in modern electrochemistry. First, we take a spontaneous self-driven cell and a reverse externally driven forced cell, a local corrosion cell, and intercalation/de-intercalation of lithium ions to/from metal oxide; study them critically once again throughout theme with respect to two conceptions, reversibility and overvoltage, underlying the key frames of electrochemistry; and finally derive some existing unexplained questions/unsolved problems that are then proposed as future key works in modern electrochemistry. Now we demonstrate the essence of the two concepts with the simple hydrogen-oxygen/chlorine fuel cell (FC), the electrolytic cell, the local corrosion cell, and discharge/charge of
* Su-Il Pyun [email protected] 1
Corrosion and Interfacial Electrochemistry Research Room, Munji-Campus of Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology, R101, Research Building, #193 Munji-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
lithium ions battery as noted below. The reversible overall cell reaction is composed of two partial electrode reactions. Cathodic partial electrode reaction for a half cell (redox couple): 1=2Og2 þ 2Hþ þ 2 eβ ¼ H2 Ol ; emf ðcathodeÞ ¼ 1:23½VSHE at pH ¼ 0
ð1aÞ
Anodic partial electrode reaction for another half cell (redox couple): Hg2 ¼ 2Hþ þ 2 eα ; emf ðanodeÞ ¼ 0½VSHE at pH ¼ 0
ð1bÞ
Total (overall) cell reaction: Hg2 þ 1=2Og2 þ 2 eβ ¼ H2 Ol þ 2eα ; emf ¼ 1:23½V; regardless of pH
ð1Þ
, where eα and eβ are redox electrons of gaseous hydrogen at the anode and gaseous oxygen at the cathode, respectively, which may not cancel each other because of their different electrochemical potentials, even though both redox el
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