Some surprising features of the plastic deformation of body-centered cubic metals and alloys
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Some Surprising Features of the Plastic Deformation of Body-Centered Cubic Metals and Alloys
J.W. CHRISTIAN
The metals which have the bcc structure at and below room temperature include iron, the refractory metals of Groups VA and VIA, and the alkali metals. Extensive experimental and theoretical investigations of the deformation behavior of these metals and their alloys which have been carried out at Oxford and elsewhere in the last twenty years are reviewed. Attention is concentrated mainly on the low temperature properties where many surprising or anomalous features have been discovered. The phenomena discussed include slip asymmetry, the failure of the Schmid law of critical resolved shear stress, the observation of "anomalous slip" in very pure metals and alloys, solution softening, and the ductile-brittle transition.
PREFACE
EARLIER this year, the then editor of the (London) Times explained in a large advertisement headed "Why I did not receive the Editor of the Year award" that the honor he had just accepted really belonged to all his colleagues who were collectively involved in the production of the newspaper. In a similar vein, I feel that I should begin with an announcement "Why I am not giving the Campbell Memorial Lecture" so that I can emphasize that deeply though I appreciate the The Edward DeMille Campbell Memorial Lecture was established in 1926 as an annual lecture in memory of and in recognition of the outstanding scientific contributions to the metallurgical profession by a distinguished educator who was blind for all but two years of his professional life. It recognizes demonstrated ability in metallurgical science and engineering. J. W. CHRISTIAN graduated in physics from Oxford University in 1945 and obtained a D. Phil. in Metallurgy in 1949. At Oxford he was successively Pressed Steel Research Fellow (1951-1955), Lecturer in Metallurgy (1955-1958), and George Kelley Reader in Metallurgy (1958-1967) before being appointed to his present position of Professor of Physical Metallurgy in 1967. He has been a Fellow of St. Edmund Hall, Oxford, since 1963. METALLURGICALTRANSACTIONS A
privilege of speaking to you today, I am really only acting as spokesman for a large number of former research students, colleagues, and friends who have worked at Oxford on the deformation behavior of body-centered cubic metals. The scientists who have been at the sharp end of the research include T.L. Altshuler, Z.S. Basinski, P. Beauchamp, C.J. Bolton, D.K. Bowen, N.A. Boucher, D.J. Capp, L.N. Chang, M.S. Duesbery, B.L. Eyre, R.A. Foxall, A.J. Garratt-Reed, D.A. Koss, B. C. Masters, M. MoraVargas, M. I. Ripley, H. Saka, P. G. Smerd, C. D. Statham, He was Republic Steel Distinguished Visiting Professor of Metallurgy at Case Institute of Technology in 1962-1963 and has also held visiting professorships at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1971) and at the universities of Illinois at Urbana (1959 and 1963), Pennsylvania (1970), Virginia (1972), and Stanford (1972), and visiting appointments at N. R. C., Ottawa
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