Sonographic Assessment of Fetal Neck Circumference (NC) As a Predictor of Gestational Age
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Sonographic Assessment of Fetal Neck Circumference (NC) As a Predictor of Gestational Age Muhammad K. Abdulkadir1 • Ivor C. Nwobi2 • Auwal Abubakar2 Ilyasu Izge3 • Abdulaziz Abdulkarim4
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Received: 8 December 2019 / Accepted: 13 May 2020 Ó Society of Fetal Medicine 2020
Abstract Background The need for development of population based nomograms for ultrasound fetal dating cannot be overemphasised. The objective of this study was to develop a nomogram of Fetal Neck Circumference (NC) for predicting gestational age for this population. Methods This was a cross sectional prospective study of 203 singleton normal pregnant women of 15–40 weeks’ gestation. Fetal NC was measured the 5th, 50th and 95th centile values were estimated at each week of gestational age, 50th centile values were then compared to Caucasian and African population study to assess variability. Results A nomogram was derived and NC values showed no statistical significant difference compared to the Caucasians (p = 0.065, 0.257) and African (p = 0.947) population. There was a strong positive significant correlation (r2 = 0.799; p = 0.001) between NC and average gestational age. Method of least square yielded to the equation y = 2.22x ? 5.390. NC relationship with BPD (r2 = 0.859; p = 0.001), FL (r2 = 0.842; p = 0.001) and HC
& Muhammad K. Abdulkadir [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Department of Medical Radiography, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
2
Department of Radiography, Faculty of Allied Health, College of Medical Sciences, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
3
Department of Radiography, College of Health Sciences, Usman Danfodio University, Sokoto, Nigeria
4
Radiology Department, Federal Medical Centre, Azare, Azare, Nigeria
(r2 = 0.662; p = 0.001) were also significant and positive. Estimated weekly increase in NC was 0.72 cm. Conclusion This study derived nomogram for ultrasound measurement of fetal NC in a Northern Nigerian population. However, NC values from this study differ less with an African population than with Caucasian study population. Keywords Fetal neck circumference (NC) Gestational age (GA) Ultrasound Nomogram
Introduction The American College of Obstetrician and Gynaecology defined Gestational age (GA) as ‘’the length of time plus two weeks that the offspring have spent in the uterus’’. GA is counted starting from the last menstrual period (LMP), rather than the actual conception date; therefore, the extra two weeks [1]. Reports indicate that 46–69% of pregnant women experience irregular periods or uncertain information about their LMP [1]. Ultrasound has proved more reliable to the LMP in GA estimation [2, 3]. The available scan parameters with their various nomograms established by previous research works have eased the prediction of GA by ultrasonography. The standard scan parameters used include Crown-Rump Length (CRL), Bi-parietal diameter (BPD), Femur Length (FL), Abdominal Circumference (AC) and Head Circumference (HC)
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