South Africa: Heritage Management

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Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology Second Edition

Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology

Claire Smith Editor

Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology With 3841 Figures and 164 Tables

Editor Claire Smith College of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences Flinders University Adelaide, SA, Australia

ISBN 978-3-030-30016-6 ISBN 978-3-030-30018-0 (eBook) ISBN 978-3-030-30017-3 (print and electronic bundle) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30018-0 1st edition: © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014 2nd edition: © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG. The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland

With thanks to Teresa Krauss, and in memory of Joan Gero and Willem Willems

Preface to the Second Edition

Archaeology – the study of human cultures through the analysis and interpretation of artifacts and material remains – continues to captivate and engage people on a local and global level. The significance of international heritage sites such as the pyramids – both Egyptian and Mayan – the Lascaux caves, the Taj Mahal, and Petra all provide insights into our ancestors and their actions and motivations. However, there is much more to archaeology than famous sites. When archaeologists are asked to elaborate about their job, they will touch on archaeological theory, chemistry, geology, history, classical studies, museum studies, ethical practice, and survey methods, along with the analysis and interpretation of their sites. Archaeology is a much broader subject than its public image and branches out to many other fields in the humanities and in the social and hard sciences. The Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology provides a comprehensive and systematic coverage of archaeology that is unprecedented. It