Spanning Fullerenes as Units in Crystal Networks

Fullerenes are molecules consisting of tri-connected polyhedral cages of various covering. Spanning fullerenes can be obtained by deleting some atoms or bonds, thus resulting in open structures with di-connected atoms which can further join to atoms of th

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Ali Reza Ashrafi Franco Cataldo Ali Iranmanesh Ottorino Ori Editors

Topological Modelling of Nanostructures and Extended Systems

Topological Modelling of Nanostructures and Extended Systems

CARBON MATERIALS: CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS A comprehensive book series which encompasses the complete coverage of carbon materials and carbon-rich molecules from elemental carbon dust in the interstellar medium, to the most specialized industrial applications of the elemental carbon and derivatives. A great emphasis is placed on the most advanced and promising applications ranging from electronics to medicinal chemistry. The aim is to offer the reader a book series which not only consists of self-sufficient reference works, but one which stimulates further research and enthusiasm. Series Editors Dr. Prof. Franco Cataldo Via Casilina 1626/A, 00133 Rome, Italy

Professor Paolo Milani Department of Physics University of Milan Via Celoria, 26 20133, Milan, Italy

VOLUME 7: TOPOLOGICAL MODELLING OF NANOSTRUCTURES AND EXTENDED S YSTEMS Volume Editors Prof. Dr. Ali Reza Ashrafi Department of Mathematics University of Kashan 87317-5116, Kashan, Iran

Prof. Dr. Franco Cataldo Department of Materials Science Tor Vergata University Rome, Italy

Prof. Dr. Ali Iranmanesh Department of Mathematics Tarbiat Modares University Tehran, Iran

Prof. Dr. Ottorino Ori Actinium Chemical Research Rome, Italy

For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/7825

Ali Reza Ashrafi • Franco Cataldo • Ali Iranmanesh Ottorino Ori Editors

Topological Modelling of Nanostructures and Extended Systems

123

Editors Ali Reza Ashrafi Department of Mathematics University of Kashan Kashan, Iran Ali Iranmanesh Department of Mathematics Tarbiat Modares University Tehran, Iran

Franco Cataldo Department of Materials Science Tor Vergata University Rome, Italy Ottorino Ori Actinium Chemical Research Rome, Italy

ISSN 1875-0745 ISSN 1875-0737 (electronic) ISBN 978-94-007-6412-5 ISBN 978-94-007-6413-2 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-6413-2 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg New York London Library of Congress Control Number: 2013939601 © Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2013 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use