Spatial accessibility analysis of schools using geospatial techniques
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Spatial accessibility analysis of schools using geospatial techniques R. Shanmathi Rekha1 • Nisha Radhakrishnan1 • Samson Mathew1
Received: 2 December 2019 / Revised: 4 March 2020 / Accepted: 9 March 2020 Ó Korean Spatial Information Society 2020
Abstract The main objective of the present study is to enhance the accessibility facilities for local public to educational centers in Tiruchirappalli City. For this approach, the existing K-12 schools, Census tracts and road network were spatially plotted using the techniques of geospatial system. Spatial accessibility index is computed using Three-step floating catchment area (3SFCA) method. The findings indicate (39%) of catchment area has been shortage of education facilities. The index of 3SFCA and its spatial pattern has been compared, validated using enhanced two-step floating catchment area (E2SFCA) method. The incorporated Gaussian weight of 3SFCA clearly reduces the high estimate of demand problem of the study area. Through 3SFCA and E2SFCA, the number of wards observed to be shortage is 14 and 26 respectively. Overall, the analysis concludes that 3SFCA is an effective method in spatial planning of educational facilities. In future, this study enables the urban planners and decision makers to maximize spatial accessibility by establishing a new facility and improve the existing facilities in shortage region. Keywords Tiruchirappalli City Education facility Geospatial system Spatial accessibility 3SFCA E2SFCA Shortage region
& R. Shanmathi Rekha [email protected] 1
Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli 620015, India
1 Introduction One of the critical problems in developing countries like India is the spatial accessibility to educational facilities. Guaranteeing the provision of fair and equal access to educational opportunities is a fundamental right for all citizens [1–3]. Spatial, social, political and economical are the different dimensions that affect the accessibility to educational centers [4, 5]. Formerly in India, the elite people who are high in economic and political used education as a tool to dominate the other community people and suppress their growth. The different socio-income group exist will result in selection of different types of education system based on their affordability. The social, political and economic are the complicated dimensions of accessibility for which the data collection is more extensive and not readily available. Hence, the spatial dimension of accessibility to education services is assessed in this study using gravity model [6, 7]. The spatial planning and resource allocation of the education services depends upon the several criteria like distance, land use patterns and available road networks in urban areas [8–11]. The measures of accessibility to educational facilities can be classified into four categories: provider-to-population ratio, distance to nearest provider, average distance to providers, and gravitational models of provider influence. Providert
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