Spatial Dependence
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2. American National Standards Institute, National Committee for Information Technology Standards: ANSI NCITS 320-1998, Spatial Data Transfer Standard Parts 1–4 3. Federal Geographic Data Committee: Components of the National Spatial Data Infrastructure. Information on Geospatial Standards. http://www.fgdc.gov, viewed on November 26 (2006) 4. Morrison, J., Wortman, K.: Special Issue. Implementing the Spatial Data Transfer Standard. Cartogr. Geogr. Inf. Syst. 19(5), entire issue (1992) 5. Wortman, K., Buttenfield, B.: Special Issue. Current Developments and Use of the Spatial Data Transfer Standard. Cartography Geogr. Inf. Syst., 21(3), entire issue (1994) 6. Moellering, H., Hogan, R.: Spatial Database Transfer Standards 2: Characteristics for Assessing Standards and Full Descriptions of the National and International Standards in the World. International Cartographic Association, Pergamon, Oxford (1996) 7. National Archives and Records Administration: Acceptable Archive Formats for Digital GIS Records. http://www.archives. gov/records-mgmt/initiatives/digital-geospatial-data-records. html. Accessed 26 Nov 2006 8. Altheide, P.: GIS Data Conversions. Strategies, Techniques, Management, (ed.) Pat Hohl. Chapter 15 Spatial Data Transfer Standards, pp. 318–354, Onword Press, Santa Fe, NM (1998) 9. US Geological Survey. Spatial Data Transfer Standard Informational Website. http://mcmcweb.er.usgs.gov/sdts. Accessed 26 Nov 2006
Spatial Data Types with Indeterminate Boundaries
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Definition A spatial decision support system (SDSS) is a computerbased system that combines conventional data, spatially referenced data and information, and decision logic as a tool for assisting a human decision-maker. It usually includes a user interface for communicating with the decision-maker. A SDSS does not actually make a decision, but instead assists and analyzing data and presenting processed information in a form that is friendly to the decision-maker. Main Text Decision support systems (DSS) are increasingly being combined with geographic information systems (GIS) to form a hybrid type of decision support tool known as a spatial decision support system (SDSS). Such systems combine the data and logic of a DSS with the powerful spatial referencing and spatial analytic capabilities of a GIS to form a new system that is even more valuable than the sum of its parts. SDSS tools can be used to assist in making effective decisions for many kinds of problem sets and information domains, including natural resource management, business, health care, emergency management, and many others.
Objects with Broad Boundaries
Spatial Dependence Spatial Data Warehouses Data Warehouses and GIS OLAP, Spatial
Autocorrelation, Spatial Kriging
Spatial Econometric Models, Prediction Spatial DBMS PostGIS
Spatial Decision Making of Groups
R.K ELLEY PACE 1 , JAMES P. L E S AGE 2 Department of Finance, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA 2 Department of Finance and Economics, Texas State University – San Marcos, San Marcos, TX, USA
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