Spatial distribution and content determination of Ganoderic acid F in tablets using confocal Raman microspectroscopy
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Spatial distribution and content determination of Ganoderic acid F in tablets using confocal Raman microspectroscopy Yu Su1 · Yingxin Zhang1 · Yue Wang1 · Bixi Sun1 · Shuyou Yang2 · Changlong Zhou2 · Bing Han1 Received: 7 April 2020 / Accepted: 4 September 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract This study determines the spatial distribution and content of Ganoderic acid F in tablets without destroying the tablet. Confocal Raman microspectroscopy was conducted on the raw materials for Ganoderic acid F, starch, hydrated magnesium silicate, and magnesium stearate using live video imaging. Five different concentrations of Ganoderic acid F tablets (18.0–54.0%) were scanned at a spectral resolution of 1000 × 1000 µm. After surface scanning imaging of the tablets at five different concentrations, the characteristic Raman spectra were obtained, which were used for the rapid and accurate identification of the tablets. The spatial distribution of the drug in the tablet was determined, and the uniformity of drug mixture was confirmed. The content of each component in the tablet was successfully calculated according to the single-peak spectra of the raw and auxiliary materials. In conclusion, the characteristic Raman scanning spectra of the tablets were obtained, and the authenticity of the tablets was determined rapidly. In the tablets of different concentrations, Ganoderic acid F was evenly distributed in the low-concentration tablets. Without destroying the drug, the confocal microscopic Raman spectrometer and function calculation can be used to understand the spatial distribution and content of each component in the drug, which can be used for the validation of drug preparation process, the detection of drug content, and the identification of drug authenticity. Keywords Ganoderic acid F · Spatial distribution · Content detection · Confocal micro-Raman spectroscopy mapping Abbreviations DCLS Direct classical least squares SNR Signal-to-noise ratios
1 Introduction Spectra are divided into emission, absorption, and combined scattering spectra. Raman spectrum is produced by the change in molecular polarizability caused by molecular vibration (Slobodan et al. 2004). It does not involve the absorption of light, but is caused by the inelastic scattering of light, which is very weak and was previously difficult to observe (Scoutaris et al. 2014; Sasic et al. 2007). Generally, Raman spectroscopy provides the unique chemical fingerprint of a particular molecule or material
* Bing Han [email protected] 1
Department of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
Aviation University Air Force, Changchun 130012, China
2
(Chan et al. 2003; Vajna et al. 2012) and can be used to quickly identify the type of material or distinguish between different materials. The Raman spectral database contains thousands of spectra, which can be identified using a quick search to match the spectral data of the analyzed substance (Vajna et al. 2011;
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