Spatial distribution and determinants of household iodized salt utilization in Ethiopia: a spatial and multilevel analys
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Open Access
Spatial distribution and determinants of household iodized salt utilization in Ethiopia: a spatial and multilevel analysis of Ethiopian demographic and Health survey Yigizie Yeshaw1,2* , Adugnaw Zeleke Alem2, Getayeneh Antehunegn Tesema2, Achamyeleh Birhanu Teshale2, Alemneh Mekuriaw Liyew2 and Ayenew Kassie Tesema3
Abstract Background: Iodine deficiency disorder is a significant public health problem, affecting both developed and developing nations worldwide. It is associated with poor body growth and irreversible mental retardation. However, little is known about the spatial distribution and determinants of household iodized salt utilization in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the spatial distribution and determinants of iodized salt utilization at national level. Methods: Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey 2016 data was used to investigate the spatial distribution and determinants of household iodized salt utilization in Ethiopia. ArcGIS 10.6 and SaTScan™ version 9.6 software were used to explore the spatial distribution and detect significant clusters, respectively. The odds ratio with its 95% confidence interval (CI) was determined for potential determinants included in the multivariable multilevel logistic regression model. Results: Household iodized salt utilization was spatially clustered in Ethiopia (Moran’s Index = 0.076, p-value = 0.01). The significant hotspot areas with high iodized salt utilization were located in Benishangul, Amhara, Gambella, Tigray and Northwest Oromia regions. Significant cold spot areas (areas with low iodized salt utilization) were found in Somali, and East Afar regions. Those households with higher education level ((Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] =1.49, 95% CI =1.14–1.93), high community level education (AOR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.03–2.20), middle wealth index (AOR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.04–1.65) and high community media exposure (AOR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.07–2.17) had higher odds of iodized salt utilization. (Continued on next page)
* Correspondence: [email protected] 1 Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, P. O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia 2 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, P. O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia Full list of author information is available at the end of the article © The Author(s). 2020 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the articl
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