Spatial Distribution Patterns of Bacterioplankton in the Oxygen Minimum Zone of the Tropical Mexican Pacific
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MICROBIOLOGY OF AQUATIC SYSTEMS
Spatial Distribution Patterns of Bacterioplankton in the Oxygen Minimum Zone of the Tropical Mexican Pacific Silvia Pajares 1 & Francisco Varona-Cordero 1 & David Uriel Hernández-Becerril 1 Received: 8 August 2019 / Accepted: 23 March 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Microbial communities within oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) are crucial drivers of marine biogeochemical cycles; however, we still lack an understanding of how these communities are distributed across an OMZ. We explored vertical (from 5 to 500 m depth) and horizontal (coast to open ocean) distribution of bacterioplankton and its relationships with the main oceanographic conditions in three transects of the tropical Mexican Pacific OMZ. The distribution of the microbial diversity and the main clades changed along the transition from oxygen-rich surface water to the OMZ core, demonstrating the sensitivity of key bacterial groups to deoxygenation. The euphotic zone was dominated by Synechococcales, followed by Flavobacteriales, Verrucomicrobiales, Rhodobacterales, SAR86, and Cellvibrionales, whereas the OMZ core was dominated by SAR11, followed by SAR406, SAR324, SAR202, UBA10353 marine group, Thiomicrospirales and Nitrospinales. The marked environmental gradients along the water column also supported a high potential for niche partitioning among OMZ microorganisms. Additionally, in the OMZ core, bacterial assemblages from the same water mass were more similar to each other than those from another water mass. There were also important differences between coastal and open-ocean communities: Flavobacteriales, Verrucomicrobiales, Rhodobacterales, SAR86, and Cellvibrionales were more abundant in coastal areas, while Synechococcales, SAR406, SAR324, SAR202, UBA10353 marine group, and Thiomicrospirales were more abundant in the open ocean. Our results suggest a biogeographic structure of the bacterioplankton in this OMZ region, with limited community mixing across water masses, except in upwelling events, and little dispersion of the community by currents in the euphotic zone. Keywords Marine microbial diversity . Oxygen minimum zone . Environmental gradients . Distribution patterns . 16S rRNA sequences . Flow cytometry
Introduction Given the relevant role of marine microbial communities in global nutrient cycles and climate regulation [1–3], increasing attention is being paid to the study of their structure, function, and distribution in diverse marine environments [4–8]. Environmental factors such as water temperature, oxygen, salinity, and oceanic currents shape the composition and Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-020-01508-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Silvia Pajares [email protected] 1
Unidad Académica de Ecología y Biodiversidad Acuática, Institute of Marine Sciences and Limnology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
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