Spatial Structures
The common theme in the essays of this book is the emergence and sur vival of spatial structures. How are economic structures created in an otherwise homogeneous environment? The answer must be sought through an analysis of economic forces that operate i
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Managing Editor
Editorial Board
David F. Batten
Ake E. Andersson Martin 1. Beckmann Stella C. Dafermos Robert E. Kuenne Claude Ponsard Takashi Takayama
Martin 1. Beckmann· T6nu Puu
Spatial Structures With 40 Figures
Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York London Paris Tokyo Hong Kong
Professor Dr. Martin J. Beckmann Technische UniversiHit Miinchen, FRG and Brown University, Providence, R.I., USA Professor Dr. Tonu Puu Department of Economics Umea University S-90187, Umea, Sweden
ISBN-13:978-3-642-75279-7 e-ISBN-13:978-3-642-75277-3 DOl: 10.1007/978-3-642-75277-3 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights oftranslation, reprinting, reuse ofillustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in other ways, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is only permitted under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9,1965, in its version of June 24, 1985, and a copyright fee must always be paid. Violations fall under the prosecution act of the German Copyright Law. © Springer-Verlag Berlin· Heidelberg 1990 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 18t edition 1990 The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Printing: Weihert-Druck GmbH, Darmstadt Bookbinding: J. Schaffer GmbH u. Co. KG., Griinstadt 2142/7130-543210
To the memory of our friend
Giorgio Leonardi
1942 - 1986
Preface
The common theme in the essays of this book is the emergence and survival of spatial structures. How are economic structures created in an otherwise homogeneous environment? The answer must be sought through an analysis of economic forces that operate in the two dimensional continuum of space. Ultimately these forces emanate from the fundamental fact that spatial concentration is needed to reap increasing returns to scale. i.e. to gather the fruits of the division of labour. Adam Smith's dictum: "The division of labour is limited by the size of the market" poses a fundamental question to spatial economic analysis: just how do markets operate when extended over distances? Although these essays were written at different times they all relate
to
the problem of economic structures generated in spatial markets.
They approach the phenomena of spatial order from different angles, but it is hoped in a connected and logically consistent way. We thank the editors and publishers of the Annals of Regional Science for permission to reprint parts of the articles "On the Shape and Size of Market Areas" and "Population Growth and Dispersal" to be published this year. It is our pleasure to thank Mrs. I.Strohlein for drawing several figures and Dr. H.Mittermeier for compiling the index. Last not least we are grateful to Mrs. B.Schwarzwalder for her patient job of typing and retyping this manusc
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