Speciation, toxicity, microbial remediation and phytoremediation of soil chromium contamination
- PDF / 2,301,238 Bytes
- 19 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 62 Downloads / 215 Views
REVIEW
Speciation, toxicity, microbial remediation and phytoremediation of soil chromium contamination Shuyu Guo1 · Chunqiao Xiao1 · Na Zhou1 · Ruan Chi1 Received: 28 May 2020 / Accepted: 8 October 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Contamination of soil by toxic chromium (Cr) is a rising health issue due to over-exploitation and industrial production. Toxicity can be decreased by bioremediation because some microorganisms are able to convert highly toxic hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) into less toxic trivalent chromium Cr(III) by secreting chromate reductase. Moreover, microorganisms are able to remove Cr by adsorption on microbial cell walls. Plants can also be used for phytoremediation by uptaking Cr from soil into plant organs. Here, we review the speciation of Cr in soil, remediation methods to remove Cr, bioremediation challenges, and remaining ecological impacts after bioremediation. We present the mechanisms of microbial remediation, phytoremediation and plant–microbial combined remediation and applications. Keywords Chromium contamination · Bioremediation · Phytoremediation · Microbial remediation · Biotransformation · Biosorption
Introduction Due to the over-exploitation of natural resources, the environment is suffering enormous damage. Many toxic heavy metals, such as chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg) and arsenic(As), have appeared in water and soil (Li et al. 2016b; Jasso-Chávez et al. 2019; Singh et al. 2019; Kamaludeen et al. 2003; Fu et al. 2017; Bali et al. 2020), caused great harm to soil fauna (Tang et al. 2018), microorganisms and plants, and eventually lead to adverse effects on human health through the food chain (Takahashi et al. 2012). Due to its wide use in metallurgy, electroplating, leather making, stainless steel manufacturing, pigment, pulp and other industrial fields (Deghles and Kurt 2016; Gunasundari and Muthukumar 2013; Shahid et al. 2017; Jobby et al. 2018), a large amount of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) contamination was produced in the soil. High Cr(VI) content in soil causes soil deterioration, microbes disturbance and reduction in plant productivity * Chunqiao Xiao [email protected] 1
Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, Hubei, China
(Ahemad 2015; Yang et al. 2019b; Wani et al. 2019; Peng and Guo 2020). The high water solubility and membrane penetrability endow highly toxic to Cr(VI) even at very low concentrations (Oyetibo et al. 2013; Alahmad et al. 2019; Li et al. 2019a, b; Vendruscolo et al. 2016). On the contrary, trivalent chromium (Cr(III)) does not penetrate cell membranes easily, which means it is less toxic (Viti et al. 2013). Due to the strong oxidizability of Cr(VI), it may cause asthma, cancer, allergic reactions, neurological and cardiovascular diseases, and organ failure (Gupta and Kumar 2012). Granular Cr(VI) is considered a carcinogen in human lungs (Browning and Wise 2017
Data Loading...
