Spectral and Spatial Quality Analysis in Pan Sharpening Process
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Spectral and Spatial Quality Analysis in Pan Sharpening Process E. Ayhan & G. Atay
Received: 27 May 2011 / Accepted: 28 October 2011 / Published online: 22 November 2011 # Indian Society of Remote Sensing 2011
Abstract Image fusion is a process to obtain new images containing more information by combining images obtained same or different sensors. With most of the earth observation satellites, high spatial resolution panchromatic images and low spatial resolution multispectral images are obtained. As an example of image fusion “pan sharpening” is a process of combining of high spatial resolution panchromatic images and low spatial resolution multispectral images. At the end of the fusion process both high spatial and spectral resolution new images are obtained. In this study, panchromatic and multispectral images gathered from Ikonos were used. Panchromatic and multispectral images belonging to the same sensor were combined by using different image fusion methods. As pan sharpening methods Brovey transform, Modified IHS, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Wavelet PC transform and Wavelet A Trous transformation methods were used. Quality of fused products was evaluated from the point of view of both visual and statistical criteria. While wavelet based methods are succesfull in terms of protection of spectral quality of original multispectral images, the colorbased and statistical methods are giving better results within the improvement of spatial content.
E. Ayhan (*) Department of Geomatics, Black Sea Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey e-mail: [email protected] G. Atay Technical Bank of Provinces 16th. Division, Samsun, Turkey e-mail: [email protected]
Keywords Image fusion . Pan sharpening . Brovey method . PCA method . Wavelet PC method . Wavelet ATrous method . Ikonos . Spectral evaluation . Spatial evaluation
Introduction Because of the technological limitations every satellite can not produce images of desired quality and feature. Therefore, at many applications for getting more reliable and high quality information, images taken by various satellite systems are combined so that images can be used more useful. Combining of high spatial resolution panchromatic data and low spatial resolution multispectral data is one of the interesting subjects of recent years. This procedure is called as “Pan sharpening” and it is a pixel based process. Pan sharpening is a method that preferred for applications that necessitate spectral information and also good spatial resolution. To take advantage of the high spatial information of PAN images and the essential spectral information of MS images, image fusion is often an efficient and economical means to produce MS images with high spatial resolution, as well as essential spectral information. This image is important for a variety of remote sensing applications (Zhang and Hong 2005). For example, in the geosciences domain, fused images can provide more detailed information for land use classification, change detection, map updating, and hazar
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