Spectral wave modeling of tsunami waves in Pohang New Harbor (South Korea) and Paradip Port (India)
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Spectral wave modeling of tsunami waves in Pohang New Harbor (South Korea) and Paradip Port (India) Rupali 1 & Prashant Kumar 1
&
Rajni 2
Received: 29 April 2020 / Accepted: 21 September 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract A coupled numerical model is developed based on the spectral element method (SEM) and boundary element method (BEM) to predict the characteristics of tsunami wave response on Pohang New Harbor (PNH), South Korea, and Paradip Port, India. The current numerical model is developed to analyze the impacts on the coastal region with slowly varying bathymetry under the resonance conditions. In this method, the boundary integral equation of each boundary segment is discretized into the spectral elements using the Chebyshev’s polynomial, and the corresponding boundary integrals are transformed using the Jacobian of transformation. This leads to a highly accurate depiction of the boundary edges or corners of the complex domain. Convergence and error analyses are conducted on the rectangular port using the BEM and the present method, which shows that the later approach enhances the overall numerical accuracy of the model. The simulation results for normal day wave (ordinary wave propagating in the ocean under normal conditions) and tsunami waves are validated with previous studies and measurement data at Pohang New Harbor (PNH), South Korea. In addition, the calculated spectral density for tsunami waves at PNH is also compared with the Hokkaido tsunami (reported on July 12, 1993) data at tide gauge record station in Pohang. The amplification factor is determined for normal day wave and tsunami waves at key locations inside the PNH and Paradip Port for different directional incident waves. Further, the spectral density is also estimated at the same locations with respect to the wave period to understand the consequences of tsunami waves on the coastal ports. Therefore, the coupled numerical model is an efficient tool to predict tsunami wave impact on a realistic port. The causes and countermeasure are suggested to reduce the risk of normal day waves and tsunami waves. Keywords Spectral element method (SEM) . Boundary element method (BEM) . Tsunami waves . Pohang New Harbor (PNH) . Paradip Port
1 Introduction Tsunamis are the sea surface water wave created by an underwater earthquake, landslides, or volcanic eruptions. When these Responsible Editor: Bruno Castelle * Prashant Kumar [email protected] Rupali [email protected] Rajni [email protected] 1
Department of Applied Sciences, National Institute of Technology Delhi, Delhi, India
2
Jindal Global Business School, O.P. Global Jindal University, Sonipat, India
waves propagate towards the coastal regions with mild bottom slope, wave reflection, refraction, shoaling, and harbor resonance lead to a significant increase in wave amplitude. These high-amplitude waves may generate tremendous wave energy, resulting in loss of lives and damage to property. To minimize such damages due to tsunami waves, appro
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