Spectroscopic Characterization of Urinary Stones Richening with Calcium Oxalate
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Spectroscopic Characterization of Urinary Stones Richening with Calcium Oxalate Abdallah A. Shaltout 1,2 Roshdi Seoudi 2,5
&
Maram M. Dabi 1 & Sameh I. Ahmed 1,3 & Ahmed S. Al-Ghamdi 4 & Essam Elnagar 4 &
Received: 29 July 2020 / Accepted: 5 October 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Intact and non-intact urinary stones richening with calcium oxalate were collected and characterized. The elemental analysis, phase quantifications, and function groups were determined by different spectroscopic techniques, namely: energy-dispersive Xray fluorescence (EDXRF), the synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction (SR-XRD), and attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR). The quantitative analysis of twenty elements was demonstrated in the most of the urinary stones and these elements are: Ca, Na, P, S, Mg, Cl, Zn, K, Ti, Sr, Ni, Co, Fe, Cu, Cd, Br, Pb, Se, I, and Mn. Using the Rietveld method, the diffraction phase quantification was illustrated. The main found phases are calcium oxalate (monohydrate and dihydrate) and hydroxyapatite phase. The FTIR outcomes reveal that the functional groups of O–H, N–H, C=O, and C–O indicate to the calcium oxalate whereas the P–O and O–P–O, and PO43− groups indicate to the calcium phosphates in the hydroxyapatite. A considerable correlations between the oxalate urinary stones and the group of elements were found. These elements are Zn, Sr, Ni, and Fe. These correlations could lead to new therapeutic approaches. Furthermore, the elements of sodium and chlorine have no vital role in the formation of calcium oxalate urinary stones. Keywords Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence . Synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction . Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared . Urinary stones
Introduction Urolithiasis (urinary stone) is one of the most widespread urologic diseases and it can be found in any part of the urinary tract, including the kidney, bladder, and urethra [1]. It may consider as an aggregation of different amounts of organic and inorganic polycrystalline materials [2]. Urinary stones have widely different in sizes, shapes, hardness, and components * Abdallah A. Shaltout [email protected] 1
Faculty of Science, Physics Department, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
2
Physics Division, Spectroscopy Department, National Research Centre, El Behooth St., Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
3
Faculty of Science, Physics Department, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
4
Urology Department, King Abdulaziz Specialist Hospital, Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
5
Faculty of Science, Physics Department, Om Al-Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
[1]. Accurate determination of the composition and the structure of the urinary stones help in the treatment and the preventing recurrent, whereas the false treatment may cause stone recurrent. In the case of calcium oxalate stones, the consequence of events that lead to calcium stone formation is not entirely clear. However, once a urinary s
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