Spin-Glass Behavior in Spinel Compound ZnCoTiO 4
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Spin-Glass Behavior in Spinel Compound ZnCoTiO4 Yong Li 1 & Xucai Kan 1 & Xiansong Liu 1 & Shuangjiu Feng 1 & Qingrong Lv 1 & Wei Wang 1 & Chaocheng Liu 1 & Xiaohui Wang 1 & Yuliang Xu 1 Received: 8 July 2020 / Accepted: 8 August 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In this paper, we report a spin-glass (SG) behavior by comprehensive magnetic measurements in spinel compound ZnCoTiO4. The temperature dependence of DC magnetization exhibits a strong irreversibility under zero field cooled and field cooled processes. At the same time, AC susceptibility measurement reveals that the peak position moves towards high temperature with increasing frequency. These results unanimously indicate that a magnetic frustration behavior has occurred in this system. In addition, the relevant parameters (T0 = 14.4 K, τ0 = 8.3165 × 10−11 s, zν = 4.53) are observed by the data of AC susceptibility measurement, suggesting a typical SG behavior. The magnetic relaxation behavior (MIRM vs. t) further manifests a SG behavior in ZnCoTiO4. Furthermore, the origin of SG behavior in ZnCoTiO4 may be contributed to atomic disorders or the competition between ferromagnetic (FM) and antiferromagnetic (AFM) interactions, or both. Keywords Spin-glass . Magnetic . Spinel . Frustration
1 Introduction Magnetic spinel compounds, including normal (AB2O4) and inverse (A2BO4), have been investigated extensively due to their rich physical properties [1]. For spinel-type oxides, the occupation of magnetic ions in the tetrahedral gap (A-sites) and octahedral gap (B-sites) determines the magnetic properties [2]. On the other hand, in the AB2O4 spinel oxides, magnetic ions– or nonmagnetic ion–substituted A- or B-sites will influence the strength of superexchange interactions between A and B [3]. With different concentrations of magnetic ions, various magnetic orders will be generated when the nearestneighbor exchange (JAB) and the next-neighbor exchange (JAA and JBB) inhibit each other [4]. At the same time, introducing the nonmagnetic ions in the A- or B-sites will cause magnetic frustration, so that one new magnetic phase will be observed, such as spin-glass (SG), re-entrant spin-glass
* Xucai Kan [email protected] * Xiansong Liu [email protected] 1
Engineering Technology Research Center of Magnetic Materials, School of Physics & Materials Science, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, People’s Republic of China
(RSG), and semi-spin-glass (SSG) [5–7]. Besides, the SG behavior can also be observed in pure antiferromagnetic interactions with geometrical frustration [8]. Previous studies have shown that SG behavior exists in disorder systems and magnetic frustration [9, 10]. Magnetic frustration means that there is no steady state with the lowest energy in SG system [11]. The SG behavior is closely associated with the magnetic frustration or competition between ferromagnetic (FM) and antiferromagnetic (AFM) [12]. Although many materials also exhibit paramagnetic at high temperatures, complex inter
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