Splitting the Soul

In parallel with efforts to replace the entire organ, surgeons would become emboldened to split this divine structure—almost deified as lodging for the soul itself by contemplative ancients—in any number of innovative manners. Starzl’s passion for transpl

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Historical Foundations of Liver Surgery

Thomas S. Helling • Daniel Azoulay

Historical Foundations of Liver Surgery

Thomas S. Helling University of Mississippi Medical Center Jackson, MS USA

Daniel Azoulay Centre Hépato-Biliaire Hôpital Universitaire Paul Brousse Villejuif France

ISBN 978-3-030-47094-4    ISBN 978-3-030-47095-1 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47095-1 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland

For Tom

Preface

There have been remarkable advances in the field of liver surgery over the past one hundred years. What had once been feared as an unforgiving and treacherous domain has now been almost routinely assailed, prodded, sliced, gouged, and even, without remorse or trepidation, removed and replaced. The massive blood losses of which the liver was notoriously capable have been tamed, controlled, and allayed. But progress has not been linear nor has it been parochial. Through fits of stops and starts and spread over centuries, understanding of the anatomic mélange that we have come to know as liver parenchyma in all its venous, arterial, and biliary intrigue slowly emerged as a rational partitioning of liver elements into (now) recognizable segments, sectors, and “lobes” (more properly, of course, “hemi-livers”). Contributions have literally been worldwide, from Europe, Asia, and the Americas through a myriad of investigator-surgeons, many of whom were simply inquisitive generalists who, once it could be done painlessly and aseptically, separated the tissues of the abdominal wall to delve into the recesses of the v

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