Sporting activity after craniosynostosis surgery in children: a source of parental anxiety
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Sporting activity after craniosynostosis surgery in children: a source of parental anxiety Oloruntobi Rotimi 1 & Gu-Yun Paul Jung 2 & Juling Ong 3,4 & N. U. Owase Jeelani 3,4 & David J. Dunaway 3,4 Greg James 3,4
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Received: 14 April 2020 / Accepted: 3 June 2020 # The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Purpose Craniosynostosis correction involves major skull surgery in infancy—a potential source of worry for parents when their treated children begin involvement in sports. Methods Electronic multiple choice survey of parents of children who had undergone craniosynostosis surgery in infancy using 5point Likert scales. Results Fifty-nine completed surveys were obtained from parents of children who had undergone previous craniosynostosis surgery. Mean age of children was 7.8 years (range 3 months to 22 years), with 36 non-syndromic and 23 syndromic cases. The most common surgery was fronto-orbital remodelling (18). Fifty-two of 59 were involved in athletic activity. The most intense sport type was non-contact in 23, light contact in 20, heavy contact in 4 and combat in 5. Participation level was school mandatory in 12, school club in 17, non-school sport club in 21 and regional representative in 2. One child had been advised to avoid sport by an external physician. Mean anxiety (1–5 Likert) increased with sport intensity: non-contact 1.7, light contact 2.2, heavy contact 3.5 and combat 3.6. Twenty-nine of 59 parents had been given specific advice by the Craniofacial Team regarding athletic activity, 28 of which found useful. Three sport-related head injuries were reported, none of which required hospitalisation. Conclusion Little information exists regarding sports for children after craniosynostosis surgery. This study suggests that parental anxiety remains high, particularly for high impact/combat sports, and that parents would like more information from clinicians about the safety of post-operative sporting activities. Keywords Craniosynostosis . Craniofacial surgery . Sports . Anxiety . Quality of life
Introduction Craniosynostosis is defined as the early closure of one or more cranial sutures and can cause head shape abnormalities with both functional and appearance-related consequences [1, 2]. Although exact timings and techniques vary between centres, many children referred to specialist centres undergo surgical correction in early childhood.
* Greg James [email protected] 1
Department of Surgery, Medway Maritime Hospital, Kent, UK
2
UCL Medical School, University College London, London, UK
3
Craniofacial Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
4
Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guildford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
Taking part in play, sport and exercise is important for children’s development, enjoyment and health [3]. However, we noted anecdotally that many parents attending surgical follow-up expressed concern regarding children who had undergone surgical craniosynostosis correction in infancy to take part in sports, due to concerns ab
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