Stability of 2D and 3D Perovskites Due to Inhibition of Light-Induced Decomposition
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https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-020-08435-w 2020 The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society
PROGRESS AND CHALLENGES WITH PEROVSKITE MATERIALS AND DEVICES
Stability of 2D and 3D Perovskites Due to Inhibition of Light-Induced Decomposition PRASUN BANERJEE,1,5 N. SURESH KUMAR,2 KADIYALA CHANDRA BABU NAIDU,1 A. FRANCO JR.,3 and RAVINDER DACHEPALLI 4,6 1.—Department of Physics, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management (GITAM) University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. 2.—Department of Physics, JNTUCEA, Anantapuramu, A.P, India. 3.—Instituto de Fı´sica, Universidade Federal de Goia´s, Goiaˆnia, Brazil. 4.—Department of Physics, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India. 5.—e-mail: [email protected]. 6.—e-mail: [email protected]
This review investigates the stability of 2D and 3D perovskite materials for energy conversion from solar radiation. The lower tolerance factor with ˚ made the MAPbI3 the most popular in perabsorption wavelength at 8260 A ovskite solar cell applications. However, these materials are affected by a range of stability issues. The combined effect of light, moisture and oxygen can lead to the chemical degradation of MAPbX3 perovskites. Hence, ternary antimony/bismuth halide came into the picture in the search for stable and nontoxic material for solar energy applications, but this material is characterized by poor photovoltaic behavior, with a higher band gap, lower dielectric constant and higher effective mass. Another strategy by atomic transmutation thus suggested double perovskites as potential material, with better stability, but the band gap energy (3.3 eV) of these material is situated near the ultraviolet (UV) range. Therefore, recent reports suggest ABS3 chalcogenides as a potential replacement without such drawbacks. Another alternative is to 0 use 2D A2 An1 Bn X3nþ1 Ruddlesden–Popper perovskite materials, which show better stability with higher efficiency than their 3D counterparts. Key words: Perovskite solar cell, stability, degradation
INTRODUCTION Perovskite material, named after the Russian mineralogist L.A. Perovski, can be expressed by the formula ABX3 .1 In general, the materials are highly stable in nature when an oxygen anion is used in place of X.2–9 In that case, the A and B positions are generally occupied by di- and trivalent atoms to meet the condition of charge neutrality.10 But if we use a halide ion in the position of X, the mono- and divalent cations will be in use to meet the criteria. For an ideal cubic perovskite structure, the expected value of the tolerance factor should be equal to 1.11 But for the octahedral structure, the tolerance
(Received May 10, 2020; accepted August 20, 2020)
factor should be less than 1 for the perovskites.12 This octahedral distortion leads to a separation between the positions of the positive and negative ions, which generates a dipole moment in the lattice.13 The presence of these intrinsic dipole moments makes these materials ferroelectric in nature.14 However, if we use a halide perovskite with lead at the B site
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