Stabilization Heaters for Low-Temperature Thermal Calorimeters
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Stabilization Heaters for Low‑Temperature Thermal Calorimeters D. H. Kwon1,2 · J. A. Jeon1 · H. S. Jo3 · H. B. Kim1 · H. L. Kim1 · I. Kim1 · S. R. Kim1 · Y. H. Kim1,2,4 · H. J. Lee1 · M. K. Lee4 · Y. C. Lee1 · K. R. Woo1,2 Received: 11 September 2019 / Accepted: 29 February 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Signal amplitudes of low-temperature detectors, vastly used in rare-event searches such as neutrinoless double beta decay experiments, are sensitive to measurement conditions causing instability such as operation temperature fluctuations. Those detector signal amplitudes thus present drifts and shifts over time due to those temperature fluctuations and need to be corrected. This effect degrades the energy resolution and particle discrimination capabilities of the calorimetric detection at low temperatures, with both strongly affecting the sensitivity of rare-event search experiments. Joule heaters were developed and used on absorber crystals in the Advanced Mo-based Rare process Experiment project, to inject periodically a controlled amount of heat, and thus produce reference signals that can be used to correct and thus stabilize the signal amplitudes of the detectors. The pulse height of the heater signals could not be used as a correction parameter as it was affected by various sources of instability. Instead, the rise time of the heater signals was used to generate a correction function describing well the time dependence of the particle-induced events in the crystals and thus provided a significant improvement of the energy resolution and particle discrimination capabilities to separate 𝛽∕𝛾 and 𝛼 events. Keywords Neutrinoless double beta decay · Drift correction · Metallic magnetic calorimeter
* H. S. Jo [email protected] Y. H. Kim [email protected] 1
Center for Underground Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Korea
2
University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
3
Department of Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
4
Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon 34113, Korea
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Vol.:(0123456789)
Journal of Low Temperature Physics
1 Motivation Low-temperature calorimeters have become one of the major detector technologies in rare-event searches in worldwide underground laboratories. They are based on thermal calorimetric detection and usually consist of an absorber crystal associated with a sensitive thermometer. Energy deposited in the absorber crystal is converted to a temperature increase measured with a sensitive thermometer attached to the absorber. Low-temperature calorimeters provide extreme energy sensitivities, i.e., resolutions and thresholds, in numerous projects of astroparticle physics such as searches for neutrinoless double beta decay and direct detection of dark matter [1–6]. The fundamental resolution limit in this kind of thermal equilibrium detection is determined by thermodynamic fluctuation noise of the detector and the sensor amplifier nois
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