Starch Metabolism and Structure
This book provides a detailed overview of the current understanding of the metabolic system of starch biosynthesis and degradation in plants. The focus is on new topics regarding the functional interaction between multiple enzymes and the initiation proce
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Starch Metabolism and Structure
Starch
Yasunori Nakamura Editor
Starch Metabolism and Structure
123
Editor Yasunori Nakamura Faculty of Bioresource Sciences Akita Prefectural University Akita, Japan
ISBN 978-4-431-55494-3 ISBN 978-4-431-55495-0 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-4-431-55495-0 Library of Congress Control Number: 2015938096 Springer Tokyo Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London © Springer Japan 2015 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper Springer Japan KK is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface
Rapid progress of research in recent years on the biosynthesis, degradation, and structure of starch produced in photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic tissues from a variety of plant species and in algae, including land plants and green algae (Chloroplastida), red algae (Rhodophyceae), and cyanobacteria, lead us to understand the whole scope of the specific metabolic systems in plants. At the same time we must revise our earlier concept of starch-related metabolism by dealing with the newly revealed dynamism of regulation of starch biosynthesis. Genome analysis indicates that higher plants have evolved two different starch biosynthetic processes in photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic tissues by differentiation of key enzymes for starch biosynthesis, i.e., starch synthase, starch branching enzyme, and starch debranching enzyme, into multiple isozymes having specific catalytic properties. Concomitantly, plants have refined the fine structure of amylopectin, the major component of starch, so that it can be densely packed into the semi-crystalline granules having distinct size and morphology depending on plant species and tissues. Numerous past investigations vigorously and comprehensively performed worldwide by biochemical, genetic, and molecular approaches especially since the early 1990s have established a concrete basis for contributions of individual isozymes to the fine structure of amylopectin and amylose and f
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